Proton vs Neutron
Atoms yog lub tsev me me ntawm txhua yam khoom uas twb muaj lawm. Lawv me me heev uas peb tsis tuaj yeem saib nrog peb qhov muag liab qab. Feem ntau cov atoms nyob rau hauv Angstrom ntau yam. Tom qab ntau qhov kev sim, cov qauv atomic tau piav qhia thaum xyoo pua 19th. Atom yog tsim los ntawm ib tug nucleus, uas muaj protons thiab neutrons. Lwm yam tshaj li neutrons thiab positrons muaj lwm yam me me sub atomic hais nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Thiab muaj cov electrons ncig ncig lub nucleus hauv orbitals. Feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw hauv ib qho atom yog khoob. Lub zog txaus nyiam ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub cev (tus nqi zoo vim yog cov protons) thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo tswj lub atom lub cev. Ob leeg protons thiab neutrons yog nucleon. Lawv nyob ua ke nyob rau hauv lub nuclei ntawm atoms khi los ntawm lub nuclei quab yuam.
Nyob zoo Proton
Proton yog lub atomic particle nyob rau hauv lub atom 'nucleus thiab muaj tus nqi zoo. Proton feem ntau denoted li p. Thaum pom electron, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis muaj lub tswv yim txog ib qho hu ua proton. Goldstein nrhiav pom ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo uas tau tsim los ntawm cov pa roj. Cov no tau hu ua anode rays. Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi sib txawv nyob ntawm seb cov roj siv. Tom qab ntau qhov kev sim los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, thaum kawg Rutherford pom cov proton hauv xyoo 1917.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov protons yog qhov tseem ceeb los qhia tus lej atomic, vim hais tias rau ib lub caij, atomic tooj yog sib npaug rau cov protons nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Piv txwv li, atomic tooj ntawm sodium yog 11; Yog li ntawd, sodium muaj kaum ib electrons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Proton muaj tus nqi +1, thiab nws qhov hnyav yog 1.6726 × 10 −27kg. Proton tau hais tias yog tsim los ntawm peb lub quarks, ob lub quarks thiab ib qho down quark. Nws yog suav hais tias yog ib tug ruaj khov particle, vim hais tias nws decaying lifetime yog heev ntev. Cov ntsiab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws, hydrogen tsuas muaj ib qho proton xwb. Thaum lub hydrogen atom tso nws cov electron, nws tsim ib H+ ion, uas muaj ib tug proton. Yog li ntawd, hauv chemistry, lo lus "proton" yog siv los hu rau H+ ion. H+ yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid thiab, qhov no yog hom kab mob tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Muaj ntau tshaj ib tug proton nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lwm yam tsuas yog hydrogen. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab atoms, tus naj npawb ntawm negatively charged electrons thiab tus naj npawb ntawm zoo them protons zoo sib xws.
Neutron
Neutron yog lwm qhov atomic particle uas pom nyob rau hauv lub nuclei ntawm atoms. Nws yog qhia los ntawm lub cim n. Neutrons tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Nws muaj me ntsis zoo sib xws piv rau cov protons, tab sis qhov loj ntawm ib tug neutron yog me ntsis loj dua li ntawm ib tug proton. Yog li, neutrons raug txiav txim siab thaum noj cov lej ntawm atoms. Tib hom atoms yuav txawv vim muaj pes tsawg tus neutrons tam sim no, thiab cov no hu ua isotopes. Rutherford muab tso rau pem hauv ntej muaj peev xwm muaj ib tug particle zoo li neutron nyob rau hauv lub nuclei. Tom qab ntawd tom qab kev sim ntau, Chadwick tau ua pov thawj qhov no thiab pom cov neutrons. Neutron yog tsim los ntawm peb quarks, ob down quarks thiab ib tug quark. Dawb neutrons tsis ruaj khov thiab muaj lub neej luv luv. Neutrons yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam nuclear.
Qhov txawv ntawm Proton thiab Neutron yog dab tsi?
• Proton muaj tus nqi zoo, tab sis cov neutrons yog hluav taws xob nruab nrab.
• Qhov loj ntawm lub neutron me ntsis loj dua li ntawm cov proton.
• Protons raug suav tias yog qhov ruaj khov, vim tias lawv muaj lub neej ntev ntev (xyoo). Tab sis cov neutrons tsis ruaj khov thiab muaj luv luv ib nrab lub neej.
• Proton tau hais tias yog tsim los ntawm peb lub quarks, ob lub quarks thiab ib qho down quark. Neutron yog tsim los ntawm peb quarks, ob down quarks thiab ib tug quark.
