Qhov txawv ntawm Ethane thiab Ethene

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Ethane vs Ethene

Ob leeg ethane thiab ethene yog hydrocarbons muaj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg ntxiv nyob ntawm lawv pawg ua haujlwm. Alkanes thiab alkenes yog ob pawg hauv paus hauv cov organic chemistry. Alkanes muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus nkaus xwb, thiab lawv yog cov saturated compounds. Alkenes yog hydrocarbons nrog carbon- carbon ob daim ntawv cog lus. Cov no tseem hu ua olefins. Lub cev lub cev ntawm alkenes zoo ib yam li cov alkanes sib raug.

Ethane

Ethane yog ib qho yooj yim aliphatic hydrocarbon molecule nrog C_2H6 _{molecular mis. Ethane tau hais tias yog hydrocarbon vim nws muaj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms nkaus xwb. Ethane kuj paub tias yog alkane vim nws tsis muaj ntau daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, ethane muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm hydrogen atoms uas cov pa roj carbon atom tuaj yeem muaj, ua rau nws muaj cov alkane saturated. Ethane yog cov roj tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm ethane yog 30 g mol}-1 ^{Txhua carbon atom hauv ethane muaj tetrahedral geometry. Lub kaum sab xis H-C-H yog 109}o ^{Cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv ethane yog sp}3 ^{hybridized. Ib sp}3 ^{hybridized orbital los ntawm txhua cov pa roj carbon atom sib tshooj ua kom cov pa roj carbon-carbon sigma daim ntawv cog lus. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen kuj yog ib daim ntawv cog lus, tab sis nws yog tsim los ntawm overlapping ib sp} 3 ^{hybridized orbital ntawm cov pa roj carbon nrog s orbital ntawm hydrogen atom. Vim yog ib daim ntawv cog lus ib leeg ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom, kev sib hloov ntawm kev sib hloov yog ua tau, thiab nws tsis xav tau ntau lub zog. Ethane yog ib feem ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, yog li nws raug cais tawm ntawm cov pa roj hauv cov nplai loj. Ethane kuj yog tsim los ua cov khoom lag luam hauv roj av refining.}

Ethene (Ethylene)

Qhov no tseem hu ua ethylene, thiab nws yog cov roj tsis muaj xim. Ethene yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws alkene molecule, muaj ob carbons thiab plaub hydrogens. Nws muaj ib qho carbon- carbon ob daim ntawv cog lus, thiab cov qauv molecular yog C₂H_4..

H₂C=CH₂

Ob lub pa roj carbon atom ntawm ethene yog sp ² hybridized. Muaj peb sp² hybridized orbitals thiab ib qho dawb p orbital rau txhua carbon atom. Ob sp² hybridized orbitals sib tshooj nrog ib leeg, tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob lub atoms. Thiab lwm cov hybridized orbitals sib tshooj nrog lub orbital ntawm hydrogen atoms. Ob lub p orbitals ntawm ob lub carbon atoms sib tshooj thiab tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus pi. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm ethane yog 28 g mol^{-1 Ethene yog ib qho uas tsis yog-polar molecule; Yog li ntawd, nws dissolves nyob rau hauv nonpolar cov kuab tshuaj los yog cov kuab tshuaj nrog tsawg polarity. Ethene yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej. Qhov ntom ntawm ethene yog tsawg dua dej. Ethene tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv, vim nws ob daim ntawv cog lus. Piv txwv li, hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrogenation, ob lub hydrogens ntxiv rau ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab hloov ethene rau ethane.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Ethane thiab Ethene yog dab tsi?

• Ethane yog alkane thiab ethene yog alkene.

• Molecular formula ntawm ethene yog C₂H₄, rau ethane nws yog C₂ H_6.

• Ethane muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus nkaus xwb, tab sis ethene muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li ntawd, ethane raug suav hais tias yog ib qho saturated hydrocarbon, whereas ethene raug suav hais tias yog ib qho unsaturated hydrocarbon.

• Thaum lub npe alkenes zoo li ethene, "ene" yog siv los ntawm "ane" nyob rau hauv kawg ntawm lub npe alkane (ethane).

• Cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv ethane yog sp³ hybridized thaum cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm ethene yog sp^{2 hybridized.}

• Ethene tuaj yeem raug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization, tab sis ethane ua tsis tau.