Qhov txawv ntawm Deuterium thiab Hydrogen

Qhov txawv ntawm Deuterium thiab Hydrogen
Qhov txawv ntawm Deuterium thiab Hydrogen

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Deuterium thiab Hydrogen

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Deuterium thiab Hydrogen
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Deuterium vs Hydrogen

Atoms ntawm tib lub ntsiab tuaj yeem sib txawv. Cov atoms sib txawv ntawm tib lub ntsiab yog hu ua isotopes. Lawv sib txawv ntawm ib leeg los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov neutrons. Txij li tus naj npawb neutron txawv, lawv cov lej kuj txawv. Cov ntsiab lus yuav muaj ob peb isotopes. Qhov xwm ntawm txhua tus isotope pab txhawb rau qhov xwm txheej. Deuterium yog hydrogen isotope thiab kab lus hauv qab no piav qhia lawv qhov sib txawv.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen yog thawj zaug thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, uas yog denoted li H. Nws muaj ib tug electron thiab ib tug proton. Nws yog categorized nyob rau hauv pawg 1 thiab lub sij hawm 1 nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj vim hais tias ntawm nws cov electron configuration: 1s 1Hydrogen tuaj yeem nqa ib qho hluav taws xob los tsim cov ion tsis zoo, lossis tuaj yeem pub dawb rau cov hluav taws xob yooj yim. los tsim ib tug zoo nqi proton los yog qhia cov electron los ua covalent bonds. Vim yog lub peev xwm no, hydrogen yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm molecules, thiab nws yog ib tug heev ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Hydrogen muaj peb lub isotopes hu ua protium- 1H (tsis muaj neutrons), deuterium-2H (ib neutron) thiab tritium- 3H (ob neutrons). Protium yog qhov ntau tshaj ntawm peb muaj txog 99% txheeb ze. Hydrogen muaj nyob rau hauv lub diatomic molecule (H 2) nyob rau hauv cov roj theem, thiab nws yog ib tug tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab roj. Tsis tas li ntawd, hydrogen yog ib qho hluav taws kub heev, thiab nws kub hnyiab nrog cov nplaim daj daj. Hydrogen, nyob rau hauv ib txwm chav tsev kub, tsis heev reactive. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam sai. H2 yog nyob rau hauv xoom oxidation xeev; yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, txo cov hlau oxides lossis chlorides thiab tso tawm cov hlau. Hydrogen yog siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj industries xws li rau ammonia ntau lawm nyob rau hauv Haber txheej txheem. Cov kua hydrogen yog siv los ua roj hauv foob pob hluav taws thiab tsheb.

Deuterium

Deuterium yog ib qho ntawm cov isotopes ntawm hydrogen. Nws yog ib qho ruaj khov isotope nrog 0.015% natural abundance. Muaj ib tug proton thiab ib tug neutron nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm deuterium. Yog li ntawd, tus lej ntawm nws yog ob, thiab tus lej atomic yog ib. Qhov no tseem hu ua hnyav hydrogen. Deuterium yog qhia raws li 2 H. Tab sis feem ntau nws yog sawv cev nrog D. Deuterium tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li diatomic gaseous molecule nrog cov tshuaj formula D2 Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj peev xwm koom nrog ob lub D atoms hauv qhov xwm txheej yog tsawg vim qhov qis dua. ntawm deuterium. Yog li, feem ntau deuterium yog sib txuas rau1 H atom ua cov roj hu ua HD (hydrogen deuteride). Ob lub deuterium atoms tuaj yeem khi nrog oxygen los tsim cov dej analog D2O, uas tseem hu ua dej hnyav. Molecules nrog deuterium qhia txawv tshuaj thiab lub cev muaj zog tshaj li hydrogen analog ntawm lawv. Piv txwv li, deuterium tuaj yeem pom cov nyhuv kinetic isotope. Deuterated compounds qhia cov yam ntxwv sib txawv hauv NMR, IR thiab huab hwm coj spectroscopy, yog li ntawd, tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau siv cov qauv no. Deuterium muaj ib tug spin ntawm ib. Yog li hauv NMR, deuterium coupling muab ib triplet. Nws absorbs qhov sib txawv IR zaus dua li hydrogen hauv IR spectroscopy. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv loj, hauv huab hwm coj spectroscopy, deuterium tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm hydrogen.

Qhov txawv ntawm Hydrogen thiab Deuterium yog dab tsi?

• Deuterium yog ib qho isotope ntawm hydrogen.

• Piv nrog rau lwm cov hydrogen isotopes, deuterium muaj ib tug loj ntawm ob (ib tug neutron thiab ib tug proton nyob rau hauv lub nucleus).

• Atomic hnyav ntawm hydrogen yog 1.007947, whereas qhov loj ntawm deuterium yog 2.014102.

• Thaum deuterium tau muab tso rau hauv cov molecules es tsis txhob hydrogen, qee yam khoom xws li daim ntawv cog lus lub zog thiab daim ntawv cog lus ntev sib txawv.

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