Elastic vs Plastic Deformation
Deformation yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev thaum lub zog sab nraud raug siv rau saum npoo. Cov rog tuaj yeem siv tau raws li qhov qub, tangential lossis torques ntawm qhov chaw. Yog hais tias lub cev tsis hloov nws cov duab, txawm me ntsis vim yog sab nraud quab yuam, cov khoom raug txhais tias yog ib qho khoom zoo meej. Lub cev zoo tag nrho tsis muaj nyob hauv qhov; Txhua yam khoom muaj nws tus kheej deformations. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog dab tsi elastic deformation thiab yas deformation yog dab tsi, lawv tau ntsib nyob rau hauv dab tsi, thiab dab tsi yog lawv daim ntawv thov.
YElastic Deformation
Thaum qhov kev ntxhov siab sab nrauv raug siv rau lub cev, lub cev nyiam rub nws tus kheej sib nrug. Qhov no ua rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv lub lattice nce. Txhua lub atom sim rub nws cov neeg nyob ze kom ze li sai tau. Qhov no ua rau lub zog sim tiv thaiv qhov deformation. Lub zog no hu ua strain. Yog hais tias ib daim duab ntawm kev nyuaj siab piv rau cov hom phiaj yog npaj, cov zajlus yuav yog ib tug linear rau ib co qis tus nqi ntawm strain. Qhov no linear cheeb tsam yog thaj tsam uas cov khoom yog deformed elastically. Elastic deformation yog ib txwm thim rov qab. Nws suav nrog Hooke txoj cai. Lub Hooke txoj cai hais tias rau qhov elasticity ntawm cov khoom siv, kev ntxhov siab yog sib npaug rau cov khoom ntawm Young's modulus thiab strain ntawm cov khoom. Lub elastic deformation ntawm cov khoom yog ib qho txheej txheem thim rov qab, thaum cov kev ntxhov siab thov raug tshem tawm cov khoom rov qab los rau nws lub xeev qub.
YPlastic Deformation
Thaum zaj dab neeg ntawm kev ntxhov siab tiv thaiv kab mob yog linear, lub kaw lus tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xeev elastic. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab siab, zaj dab neeg hla me me dhia ntawm axes. Qhov no yog qhov txwv uas nws dhau los ua cov yas deformation. Qhov kev txwv no yog hu ua lub zog tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv. Yas deformation tshwm sim feem ntau vim yog zawv zawg ntawm ob txheej ntawm cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem zawv zawg no tsis thim rov qab. Cov yas deformation qee zaum hu ua irreversible deformation, tab sis qee hom ntawm cov yas deformation yog qhov ua tau rov qab. Tom qab qhov kev tawm dag zog lub zog dhia, qhov kev ntxhov siab piv rau cov kab lus sib txawv ua ib qho nkhaus nrog lub ncov. Lub ncov ntawm qhov nkhaus no yog hu ua lub zog kawg. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub zog cov khoom pib "caj dab" ua qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov ntom ntawm qhov ntev. Qhov no ua rau thaj chaw tsawg heev hauv cov khoom ua rau nws yooj yim tawg. Yas deformation yog siv rau hauv cov hlau hardening kom ntim cov atoms kom huv si.
Qhov txawv ntawm Elastic Deformation thiab Plastic Deformation yog dab tsi?
– Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm elastic deformation thiab yas deformation yog tias, elastic deformation yog ib txwm thim rov qab, thiab yas deformation yog irreversible tsuas yog rau qee qhov tsawg heev.
– Nyob rau hauv elastic deformation cov bonds ntawm molecules los yog atoms nyob twj ywm, tab sis tsuas yog hloov lawv ntev; Yas deformation tshwm sim, xws li phaj zawv zawg tshwm sim vim tag nrho fission ntawm daim ntawv cog lus.
– Elastic deformation tuav txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev ntxhov siab, thaum cov yas deformation tuav txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub ncov.
