Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Lignin vs Cellulose
Cov phab ntsa cog ntawm tes yog tsim los ntawm cov phab ntsa thawj thiab theem nrab. Cov phab ntsa ntawm tes yog tsim los ntawm ntau txheej ntawm cellulose, ib qho qabzib polysaccharide. Cellulose yog cov organic ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. 33% ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yog tsim los ntawm cellulose. Nws yog ib qho kev lag luam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib txawv xws li ntawv, tshuaj, thiab textiles. Lignin yog qhov thib ob ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, surpassed xwb cellulose; nws yog tam sim no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv woody nroj tsuag. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lignin thiab cellulose yog tias cellulose yog ib qho polymer ntawm carbohydrate thaum lignin yog non-carbohydrate aromatic polymer.
Lignin yog dab tsi?
Lub ntsiab lus dav dav lignin piav qhia ntau pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab polymers sib sau ua ke los ntawm oxidative coupling ntawm 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoids. Lawv yog cov organic polymers tam sim no ua cov khoom sib txuas hauv cov nroj tsuag vascular thiab qee cov algae. Hauv cov nroj tsuag vascular, lignin yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw thaum lub sij hawm theem nrab thickening thiab tsim ntawm phab ntsa ntawm phab ntsa. Qhov no muab rigidity rau cov tawv ntoo thiab ntoo ntawm qia thiab imparts decay resistance los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cell phab ntsa polysaccharides los ntawm microbial degradation.
Lignin ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua dej hauv cov nroj tsuag vascular. Polysaccharide polymers zoo li cellulose tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag cell phab ntsa yog permeable rau dej vim lawv hydrophilic xwm. Vim hais tias ntawm nws cov aromatic xwm, lignin yog ntau hydrophobic thiab tsim ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau kev nqus dej mus rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa los ntawm kev tsim crosslinks ntawm polysaccharides. Qhov no muab txoj hauv kev zoo rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nroj tsuag kom ua dej tsis muaj teeb meem.
Daim duab 01: Lignin Structure
Sib nrug los ntawm kev ua cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, lignin yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua rau lub voj voog cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab ua haujlwm qeeb qeeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuag. Nws yog ib qho kev txwv loj hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag biomass rau hauv biofuels.
Hauv kev lag luam, kev tshem tawm lignin los ntawm cov nroj tsuag biomass yog txheej txheem nyuaj thiab kim. Yog li ntawd, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm qhov kev cia siab no txhawm rau tsim cov nroj tsuag uas muaj lignin tsawg dua thiab tsim ib daim ntawv ntawm lignin uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev zom zaub mov tsis zoo.
Cellulose yog dab tsi?
Cellulose yog ib qho polymer tsim los ntawm β piam thaj thiab yog cov organic molecule tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cellulose feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab 40% ntawm cov nroj tsuag cell phab ntsa yog tsim los ntawm cellulose. Nws yog teem nyob rau hauv sib txawv txheej nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag cell phab ntsa, sib txawv rau hauv thawj thiab theem nrab phab ntsa. Cov qauv ntawm cellulose yog tsim los ntawm linear β glucose chains txuas ua ke los ntawm β 1-4 glyosidic bonds. Lub xub ntiag ntawm hydroxyl pab pawg (-OH) projecting tawm ntawm txhua txoj saw nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia, ua rau kom cov kev sib txuas ntawm β glucose chains uas nyob ib sab. Vim qhov kev sib txuas ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig no, lub zog tensile ntawm cov qauv cellulose nce. Lub zog tensile siab no tiv thaiv lub cell los ntawm tawg thaum dej nkag mus rau hauv lub cell los ntawm osmosis. Cov duab ntawm lub cell yog txiav txim raws li kev npaj ntawm cellulose bundles.
Daim duab 02: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Cellulose
Apart from nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ua cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, cellulose ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov rau qee cov tsiaj, kab mob, thiab fungi. Cellulose yog catabolized rau hauv qabzib los ntawm enzyme cellulase. Txawm hais tias cellulose yog qhov zoo ntawm cov piam thaj, tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem siv nws vim lawv tsis muaj cov enzyme cellulase hauv lawv lub cev. Cov tsiaj txhu zoo li nyuj zom cellulose los ntawm lawv cov kab mob plab uas muaj peev xwm catabolize cellulose. Hauv kev lag luam, cellulose yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ntawm ntawv, textile, thiab tshuaj.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Lignin thiab Cellulose?
- Lignin thiab cellulose muaj nyob hauv txhua cov nroj tsuag.
- Lawv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
- Ob lub tebchaw koom nrog hauv kev muab cov txheej txheem rigidity rau cov nroj tsuag.
- Lawv yog cov organic tebchaw.
Qhov txawv ntawm Lignin thiab Cellulose yog dab tsi?
Lignin vs Cellulose |
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| Lignin yog cov tsis muaj carbohydrate aromatic polymer pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. | Cellulose yog ib qho polymer ntawm carbohydrate (β glucose) pom hauv cov nroj tsuag. |
| Lignin yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa thib ob thaum cov nroj tsuag ntsib cov thickening theem nrab. | Cellulose muaj nyob rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa. |
| qauv | |
| Lignin yog peb seem. | Cellulose yog cov qauv linear nrog linear β glucose chains. |
| Cross Linkage | |
| Lignin muaj kev sib txuas ntawm phenolic polymers. | Cellulose muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov uas nyob ib sab -OH pawg ntawm β glucose chains. |
| Lignin tsim ester bonds lossis ether bonds. | Cellulose tsim hydrogen bonds lossis β 1-4 glycosidic. |
| Lignin yog hydrophobic. | Cellulose yog hydrophilic. |
Summary – Lignin vs Cellulose
Cellulose thiab lignin yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag phab ntsa. Cellulose yog ib tug polymer ntawm β glucose thiab muaj nyob rau hauv thawj cell phab ntsa. Lignin, uas muaj ntxhiab polymer, pab cov thickening theem nrab thiab yeej muaj nyob rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lignin thiab cellulose. Vim lawv cov tshuaj sib txawv thiab lub cev sib txawv, lawv tau koom nrog ntau yam haujlwm sib txawv hauv cov kab ke ntawm cov nroj tsuag vascular.
