NTFS vs FAT
A cov ntaub ntawv (tseem hu ua filesystem) yog txheej txheem khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke thiab tib neeg nyeem tau. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus yog hu ua cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv cia li zoo li hard drives, CDs thiab DVDs. Lub kaw lus cov ntaub ntawv pab cov cuab yeej tswj xyuas lub cev qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tuaj yeem tso cai rau nws cov ntaub ntawv nkag los ntawm lub network los ntawm kev dhau los ua tus neeg siv khoom rau network raws tu qauv xws li NFS (Network File System). FAT thiab NTFS yog ob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv Microsoft Windows operating system. Qhov tseeb, FAT (File Allocation Table) yog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm siv hauv Windows qub. Pib los ntawm Windows XP, NTFS tau hloov FAT raws li cov ntaub ntawv default.
FAT yog dab tsi?
FAT yog lub neej ntawd cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv cov laus Windows versions (ua ntej Windows XP). Tseem, FAT tuaj yeem siv nrog floppy disks thiab qub Windows versions (rau ntau lub tshuab khau raj). FAT tau txais nws lub npe vim yog siv hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hu ua File Allocation Table. Txhua pawg ntawm lub disk muaj qhov sib thooj rau ntawm lub rooj. FAT tau pib siv nrog DOS, thiab nws peb versions yog FAT12, FAT16 thiab FAT32. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv los txheeb xyuas ib pawg yog tus lej uas siv los ua cov lus hauv lub npe. FAT12, FAT16 thiab FAT32 muaj 32MB, 4GB thiab 32GB raws li qhov ntau thiab tsawg muab faib. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem pib tsis tuaj yeem nyeem cov hard disk loj dua, Microsoft yuav tsum txuas ntxiv FAT system tsis tu ncua, vim tias qhov loj ntawm hard disk loj tuaj. Tab sis, thaum kawg Microsoft yuav tsum tau hloov FAT nrog NTFS (uas yog tsim nyog rau cov disks loj dua). Tsis ntev los no, FAT system tab tom ua me me rov qab los raws li tus ntiv tes xoo tau pib siv FAT. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov flash drives tam sim no yog qhov me me, yog li FAT system kom meej meej haum rau lawv.
NTFS yog dab tsi?
NTFS yog cov ntaub ntawv qub uas tam sim no siv hauv Windows operating systems. NTFS coj los ntawm FAT raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm pib los ntawm Windows XP. Yog li ntawd, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows. NET server, thiab Windows workstation siv NTFS raws li lawv nyiam cov ntaub ntawv. NTFS muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv kiag li lub koom haum architecture. Yeej, Microsoft tsim NTFS los sib tw nrog UNIX, los ntawm kev hloov cov FAT yooj yim dua. Ib qho FAT muab faib tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau yooj yim rau NTFS muab faib yam tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv poob. NTFS txhawb nqa nta xws li indexing, quota nrhiav, encryption, compression thiab kho cov ntsiab lus.
Qhov txawv ntawm NTFS thiab FAT yog dab tsi?
FAT yog lub neej ntawd cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov laus Windows versions, thaum NTFS yog cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no hauv nws qhov chaw. NTFS muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua li FAT. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov tseeb tias FAT siv cov qauv ruaj khov hauv nws cov cheeb tsam, tab sis NTFS siv cov ntaub ntawv. Vim yog siv cov ntaub ntawv, nws yooj yim heev los hloov kho, ncua lossis txav mus raws li qhov xav tau. Piv txwv li, MFT lossis Master File Table yog cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus siv hauv NTFS, uas zoo ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv sib raug zoo. Txoj kev uas cov pawg siv nyob rau hauv NTFS rau txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw kuj txawv ntawm FAT. NTFS qhov siab tshaj plaws pawg loj yog 4kb, thaum cov ntaub ntawv compression suav nrog kom tsis txhob slack.
Tab sis qhov downside ntawm muaj MFT thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus (uas siv ntau qhov chaw) yog tias NTFS nyuaj rau siv nrog cov disks me. Tias yog vim li cas FAT tseem siv rau cov ntiv tes xoo. NTFS kuj xav tau ntau lub cim xeeb dua li FAT. Built-in kev ruaj ntseg ntsuas hauv NTFS yog qhov zoo dua li hauv FAT, vim tias nws yog npaj rau ntau tus neeg siv ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, kev tso cai thiab kev encryptions tuaj yeem siv rau cov ntaub ntawv ib leeg hauv Windows XP Professional tsab. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis nco qab lo lus zais hauv Windows XP yog teeb meem ntau dua li hauv Windows 98 (uas siv FAT), vim tias nws nyuaj heev rau kev daws teeb meem thiab tweak nrog NTFS. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshiab tshaj plaws FAT version hu ua exFAT tau thov kom muaj qee yam zoo dua NTFS.
