Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm RIA thiab ELISA yog qhov xov tooj cua immunoassay (RIA) yog cov txheej txheem immunoassay uas siv cov xov tooj cua isotopes txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antigen-antibody complexes thaum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) yog cov txheej txheem immunoassay uas siv cov enzymes los kuaj cov antigen. -antibody complexes.
Kev kuaj xyuas cov protein tshwj xeeb xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj kab mob. Yog li ntawd, Ria thiab Elisa yog ob txoj kev qhia txhaj tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv chaw soj nstej los xyuas cov protein sai, tshwj xeeb yog antigens. Feem ntau, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb khi rau lub hom phiaj antigen thiab tsim ib qho kev pom zoo hu ua precipitin. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj xyuas cov antigen-antibody complex los ntawm kev siv xov tooj cua isotopes hu ua RIA, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj cov antigen-antibody complex los ntawm kev siv enzymes hu ua ELISA.
RIA yog dab tsi?
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) yog cov txheej txheem immunoassay uas kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siv cov xov tooj cua isotopes. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow tau tsim cov txheej txheem no hauv xyoo 1960 nrog kev pab los ntawm Solomon Berson. Rau qhov kev tshawb pom zoo tshaj plaws no, Rosalyn Sussman Yalow yeej qhov khoom plig Nobel rau cov tshuaj hauv xyoo 1977. Feem ntau, hauv xov tooj cua immunoassay, paub ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog thawj zaug ua radioactive Cov txheej txheem no nquag siv gamma-radioactive isotopes ntawm iodine, hu ua 125-I, los sau npe. antigens. Cov radioisotopes feem ntau txuas rau tyrosine amino acid ntawm antigen. Tom qab ntawd cov radiolabelled antigen yog tov nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, radiolabelled antigen thiab antibody tshwj xeeb khi rau ib leeg.
Tom qab ntawd, ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntshav qab zib uas muaj qhov tsis paub txog ntawm tib lub antigen ntxiv. Qhov no ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau sau npe los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau kev sib tw nrog radiolabelled antigen rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Raws li qhov concentration ntawm unlabelled antigen nce, ntau ntawm nws khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, hloov cov radiolabelled variant. Yog li, nws txo qhov piv ntawm antibody-bound radiolabelled antigen rau dawb radiolabelled antigen. Thaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov kab ke antigens raug cais tawm. Thaum kawg, cov xov tooj cua ntawm cov antigens dawb nyob rau hauv cov supernatant ntxiv yog ntsuas los ntawm gamma counter.
ELISA yog dab tsi?
ELISA yog cov txheej txheem immunoassay uas kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev siv cov enzymes. Nws yog ib qho biochemical analytical assay thawj zaug piav los ntawm Engvall thiab Perlmann hauv 1971. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim ntawm ELISA cov tswv yim, antigens ntawm tus neeg mob tus qauv yog txuas mus rau ib tug khoom nto. Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo sib xws yog siv rau saum npoo, yog li nws tuaj yeem khi rau cov antigen.
Daim duab 01: ELISA
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb no txuas rau ib qho enzyme. Tom qab ntawd, txhua yam tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxuav nrog xab npum. Hauv cov kauj ruam kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem no, enzyme lub substrate yog ntxiv. Yog tias muaj kev sib khi zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom ntej ua rau pom cov xim xim, feem ntau yog xim hloov.
Qhov Zoo sib xws ntawm RIA thiab ELISA yog dab tsi?
- RIA thiab ELISA yog cov txheej txheem immunoassay.
- Ob txoj kev muaj antigen thiab antibody complex tsim.
- Cov tswv yim no tuaj yeem siv los kuaj pom cov protein tsis paub hauv cov qauv.
- Lawv yog ob qho tib si siv rau kev kuaj mob hauv cov chaw kuaj mob.
- Ob leeg yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab rhiab heev.
Qhov txawv ntawm RIA thiab ELISA yog dab tsi?
RIA yog cov txheej txheem immunoassay rau kev kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antigen los ntawm kev siv xov tooj cua isotopes. ELISA yog cov txheej txheem immunoassay rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov antigen-antibody complex los ntawm kev siv cov enzymes. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm RIA thiab ELISA. Ntxiv mus, hauv cov txheej txheem RIA, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau sau npe, tab sis hauv ELISA, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau sau npe. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem RIA, cov ntawv sau cov molecules yog radioisotopes, whereas, hauv ELISA, labeling molecules yog enzymes. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm RIA thiab ELISA.
Cov duab hauv qab no qhia ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm RIA thiab ELISA hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Summary – RIA vs ELISA
Immunoassays ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw bioanalytical, xws li kev kuaj mob, tshuaj xyuas biopharmaceutical, kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig, biosecurity, thiab kuaj zaub mov. Txij li thaum xyoo 1960, ntau hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob tau tsim. RIA thiab ELISA yog ob qho tib si immunoassay cov txheej txheem. RIA yog cov txheej txheem immunoassay los kuaj xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antigen los ntawm kev siv xov tooj cua isotopes. ELISA yog cov txheej txheem immunoassay txhawm rau kuaj xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antigen los ntawm kev siv cov enzymes. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm RIA thiab ELISA.
