Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov thiab tshem tawm kev hloov pauv yog lawv qhov ua rau. Kev hloov pauv hloov tshwm sim vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hauv paus khub los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus khub, thaum qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov nucleotides ntxiv rau hauv DNA sib lawv liag thiab tshem tawm kev hloov pauv tshwm sim vim yog tshem tawm ib lossis ntau dua nucleotides los ntawm DNA ntu.
Kev hloov pauv yog kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ntu ntawm DNA. Ib lub noob muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nucleotide ib ntus. Gene mutations tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv caj ces zais hauv nws cov nucleotide ib ntus. Qhov loj ntawm kev hloov pauv yuav txawv ntawm ib qho kev hloov pauv mus rau ib qho loj ntawm chromosome uas muaj ntau cov noob. Kev hloov pauv tshwm sim vim muaj ntau yam laj thawj. Qee qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov ua yuam kev tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm luam DNA hauv kev faib tawm ntawm tes, raug rau ionizing hluav taws xob, raug rau cov tshuaj hu ua mutagens thiab kis kab mob. Kev hloov pauv yog tsim nyog rau evolutions. Feem ntau cov kev hloov pauv tsis muaj teeb meem. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau txais txiaj ntsig, cuam tshuam rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntxiv, thaum qee qhov kev hloov pauv tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau tus neeg uas nqa lawv xwb.
Kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog kev hloov pauv uas hloov pauv cov khub ntawm nucleotide sib lawv liag nrog ntau lub hauv paus khub. Piv txwv li, ib lub hauv paus khub tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm lub hauv paus khub hauv kev hloov pauv. Lawv hu ua point mutations. Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem lossis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig nyob ntawm hom kev hloov pauv. Kev hloov ntsiag to, kev hloov pauv tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv yog peb hom kev hloov pauv.
Daim duab 01: Hloov pauv hloov
Kev hloov pauv ntsiag to tsis muaj txiaj ntsig sab nraud txawm tias muaj kev hloov pauv. Kev hloov pauv tsis hloov cov amino acid coded los ntawm codon cuam tshuam. Li no, nws tsis hloov cov protein kawg. Hauv kev hloov pauv tsis zoo, hloov pauv hloov cov amino acid coded los ntawm cov codon tshwj xeeb. Sickle cell anemia yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv beta-hemoglobin noob, uas hloov ib qho amino acid nyob rau hauv cov protein tsim. Hauv kev hloov pauv tsis tseem ceeb, lub hauv paus hloov pauv hloov cov codon cuam tshuam rau hauv qhov nres codon, ua rau kev txiav tawm ntxov ntxov ntawm kev txhais lus. Feem ntau, kev hloov pauv tsis zoo tsim cov proteins uas tsis ua haujlwm lossis ua tsis tiav.
Dab tsi yog Insertion Mutations?
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog kev hloov pauv vim yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib lossis ntau dua nucleotides rau hauv DNA ib ntus. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv nucleotides ntxiv rau DNA ib ntus hauv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. Zoo ib yam li tshem tawm kev hloov pauv, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua me me lossis loj, nyob ntawm seb tus lej ntawm tus khub ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv me me insertions, ib tug hauv paus khub feem ntau yog ntxiv. Feem ntau, hauv kev hloov pauv loj, ib qho me me ntawm chromosome tau ntxiv tshiab.
Daim duab 02: Kev Hloov Hloov Hloov
Kev tso rau ntawm ib lub hauv paus khub tuaj yeem ua rau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tag nrho codon ib ntus. Kev ntxig ntawm peb lub hauv paus khub yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij tsawg dua li qhov ntxig ntawm ib lub hauv paus khub. Qhov no yog vim peb lub hauv paus kev ntxig ntxig tsis ua rau muaj qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv. Kev ntxig rau ib qho loj ntawm DNA tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj. Yog tias qhov nres codon raug tso rau hauv qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, nws ua rau lub sijhawm ntxov kawg rau kev txhais lus uas ua rau cov protein tsis ua haujlwm luv.
Dab tsi yog Deletion Mutations?
Kev tshem tawm kev hloov pauv yog kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim vim tshem tawm ib qho nucleotide lossis tag nrho cov kab ke ntawm nucleotides. Feem ntau lawv tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua yuam kev hauv DNA replication txheej txheem. Kev tshem tawm me me tuaj yeem muaj los ntawm ib khub hauv paus mus rau ob peb nucleotides. Kev tshem tawm loj tshem tawm cov tawg loj ntawm DNA. Kev tshem tawm loj tshwm sim feem ntau thaum hla dhau.
Daim duab 03: Kev Hloov Hloov
Kev tshem tawm cov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj lossis tsis muaj mob. Yeej, ob yam txiav txim siab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tshem tawm: qhov twg nws tshwm sim thiab pes tsawg nucleotides raug tshem tawm. Feem ntau, ib lub hauv paus khub tshem tawm hloov tag nrho cov noob. Nws ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hloov pauv uas hloov pauv tag nrho cov thawj triplet codons uas tsim cov noob tsis ua haujlwm. Peb lossis ntau dua nucleotides tshem tawm ntawm cov noob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov amino acid uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv cov protein kawg. Qee cov kab mob caj ces tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv yog txiv neej infertility, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, Cri du chat syndrome thiab spinal muscular atrophy.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Kev Hloov Hloov Hloov thiab Hloov Hloov Hloov?
- Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv, ntxig lossis tshem tawm.
- Tag nrho peb hom kev hloov pauv no yuav tsis muaj mob lossis tsis zoo.
- Txhua peb yam hloov pauv thawj nucleotide sequence.
- Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob caj ces.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Kev Hloov Hloov Hloov thiab Hloov Hloov Hloov?
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog kev hloov pauv uas tus khub hauv paus hloov los ntawm tus khub sib txawv. Insertion mutations yog kev hloov pauv uas ib lossis ntau dua nucleotides ntxiv rau hauv DNA ib ntus. Deletion mutations yog kev hloov pauv uas ib lossis ntau dua nucleotides raug tshem tawm ntawm DNA ib ntus. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab tshem tawm kev hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib khub hauv paus yog pauv hauv kev hloov pauv hloov. Tab sis, kev sib pauv ntawm tus khub hauv paus tsis tshwm sim hauv kev ntxig lossis tshem tawm kev hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, feem ntau, tsis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, thaum ob qho tib si ntxig thiab tshem tawm kev hloov pauv ua rau cov hloov pauv hloov pauv.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab tshem tawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Hloov vs Insertion vs Deletion Mutations
Hloov pauv, ntxig thiab tshem tawm kev hloov pauv yog peb hom kev hloov pauv. Ib lub hauv paus khub yog hloov los ntawm lwm lub hauv paus khub hauv kev hloov pauv. Tej zaum lawv yuav nyob ntsiag to, tsis nco qab lossis tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv. Tab sis, ib lossis ntau lub hauv paus khub tau ntxiv rau hauv DNA ib ntus hauv kev hloov pauv. Lub caij no, ib lossis ntau lub hauv paus khub raug tshem tawm ntawm DNA ib ntus hauv kev hloov pauv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab tshem tawm kev hloov pauv.
