Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom sib xyaw yog cov ntsiab lus tsis tuaj yeem tawg tau lawm, thaum cov khoom sib txuas tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Ob lub ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb heev hauv tib neeg lub neej; lawv muaj nyob rau hauv xwm thiab nyob rau hauv tib neeg tsim kev loj hlob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lub ntsiab thiab compound.
Dab tsi yog Element?
Cov ntsiab lus tau paub tias yog tshuaj lom neeg uas yooj yim heev uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem raug tshuaj lom neeg tawg mus rau hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntsiab lus yog tsim los ntawm ib hom atom: ib lub atom, uas muaj ib tug nucleus (ib huab uas muaj neutrons thiab protons) encircled los ntawm negatively-them electrons, tshwm sim los ua qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau particle ntawm teeb meem, uas piav qhia txog lub hauv paus. lub xeev ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Daim duab 01: Lub Sij Hawm Lub Sijhawm
Nyob ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, cov ntsiab lus tau muab faib ua peb pawg: cov hlau tsis yog hlau, hlau thiab metalloids. Daim ntawv qhia, hu ua lub rooj ntawm cov ntsiab lus, yog tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb Dmitri Mendeleev, kom muaj peev xwm cais tau zoo thiab qhia txog cov ntsiab lus raws li lawv hom. Muaj ntau tshaj 118 lub ntsiab lus lees paub, tag nrho cov uas yog cim los ntawm ib leeg lossis ua ke ntawm cov ntawv. Qee qhov nrov tshaj plaws hauv cov xwm txheej yog oxygen thiab nitrogen.
Dab tsi yog Compound?
Cov tshuaj lom neeg, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ntau yam khoom sib txawv tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ob lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus uas tau sib koom los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Cov atoms nyob rau hauv txhua lub caij yuav tso tawm ntawm lawv tus kheej txhais cov yam ntxwv thiab muab sib xyaw ua ke los tsim ib yam dab tsi sib txawv. Ionic bonds tsim ntsev, covalent bonds tsim molecular compounds thiab metallic bonds ua intermetallic compounds. Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ob peb ntu, ua tau zoo nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem hloov mus ua kua thiab gases nyob ntawm seb qhov kub thiab txias npaum li cas rau lawv.
Daim duab 02: Piv txwv ntawm Kev Sib Txuas
Raws li kev sawv cev, cov tebchaw tuaj yeem txhais los ntawm cov qauv sib txawv uas muaj cov lej thiab cov cim: lawv ua tiav los ntawm Hill system, uas Carbon ces Hydrogen atoms raug cais, ua raws li tag nrho lwm cov ntsiab lus koom nrog hauv qhov sib xyaw. Organic compounds yog sib txuas los ntawm ob qho tib si, thaum cov tshuaj inorganic tsis suav nrog carbon thiab hydrogen. Piv txwv ntawm qee cov tshuaj siv ntau tshaj plaws yog saccharin, ib qho khoom qab zib thiab sodium chloride, feem ntau hu ua ntsev.
Qhov txawv ntawm Element thiab Compound yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab tus kheej muaj ib hom atom. Compounds yog cov ntsiab lus uas intermingled nrog ib leeg. Cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm lawv cov cim thaum cov khoom sib txuas muaj cov qauv. Cov ntsiab lus tsis tuaj yeem tawg tau lawm, thaum cov tebchaw tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom sib xyaw.
Ntxiv mus, qhov txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog lawv tus lej atomic, thaum cov tebchaw tuaj yeem txhais los ntawm lawv cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj.
Summary – Element vs Compound
Ob lub ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb heev hauv tib neeg lub neej; lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm thiab nyob rau hauv tib neeg tsim raws li zoo raws li jewellery, zaub mov additives thiab tu tshuaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom sib xyaw yog cov ntsiab lus tsis tuaj yeem tawg, thaum cov khoom sib txuas tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm hais tias lawv muaj ntau lub tswv yim thiab kev ua haujlwm sib txawv, lawv ob leeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg.
Image Courtesy:
1. "Lub sij hawm yooj yim hu" Los ntawm László Németh - Tus kheej ua haujlwm (CC0) ntawm Commons Wikimedia
2. "Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua" Los ntawm Fahadum - Tus kheej ua haujlwm (CC BY-SA 3.0) ntawm Commons Wikimedia
