Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm alkaloid thiab flavonoid yog tias alkaloid yog cov amino acid tau los ntawm nitrogen-muaj cov organic compound pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, fungi thiab cov kab mob thaum flavonoid yog ib qho natural compound pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj nitrogen.
Alkaloids thiab flavonoids yog ob pawg ntawm cov khoom sib txuas uas pom muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag. Lawv yog cov organic tebchaw tsim ua cov metabolites theem nrab. Alkaloid yog cyclic organic compound uas muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho nitrogen atom. Lawv qhia cov yam ntxwv yooj yim. Flavonoids yog cov khoom sib xyaw ntuj uas muaj ob lub nplhaib benzene txuas ntawm lub nplhaib heterocyclic pyran. Ob leeg raug suav hais tias yog ob chav kawm loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag organic tebchaw. Lawv feem ntau sib koom ua ke hauv ntau cov nroj tsuag tshuaj.
Alkaloid yog dab tsi?
Ib qho alkaloid yog ib txwm tshwm sim nitrogen-muaj cov organic compound feem ntau pom hauv cov nroj tsuag. Lawv yog cov tshuaj heterocyclic. Lawv kuj tau tsim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob xws li kab mob, fungi thiab tsiaj txhu. Qee tsev neeg ntawm cov paj ntoo paub tias muaj alkaloids. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv alkaloids. Piv txwv li, cov nroj tsuag poppy muaj txog 30 ntau hom alkaloids.
Muaj ntau txhiab tus txheeb ze alkaloids. Ntxiv mus, muaj ntau yam alkaloids, xws li indoles, quinolines, isoquinolines, pyrrolidines, pyridines, pyrrolizidines, tropanes, terpenoids thiab steroids. Morphine (ib tug muaj zog narcotic siv rau kev pab kho mob), codeine (ib qho zoo heev analgesic), strychnine (lwm haib tshuaj lom), quinine (ib tug haib antimalarial neeg sawv cev), ephedrine (siv nyob rau hauv bronchial hawb pob thiab txo qhov tsis xis nyob ntawm hay fever, sinusitis, thiab mob khaub thuas), quinidine (siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem lossis arrhythmias) thiab nicotine (cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov luam yeeb haus luam yeeb hauv luam yeeb, luam yeeb, thiab cov kav dej) yog ob peb lub npe nrov alkaloids.
Daim duab 01: Alkaloid
Hauv daim ntawv ntshiab, alkaloids tsis muaj xim thiab muaj qhov tsw qab. Alkaloids muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Lawv tuaj yeem raug cais tawm siv txoj kev tshwj xeeb hu ua extraction. High-performance nyias-txheej chromatography (HPTLC) yog lwm txoj kev uas yuav siv tau los cais alkaloids.
Ntau alkaloids yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg kev noj haus. Qee cov alkaloids yog cov tshuaj narcotic, thiab lawv muaj ntau yam tshuaj. Zoo ib yam li flavonoids, alkaloids muaj ntau yam thiab tseem ceeb physiological cuam tshuam rau tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj. Lawv qhia cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj loog hauv zos thiab mob nyem, neuropharmacological, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab ntau lwm yam khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau alkaloids muaj kev siv tshuaj tseem ceeb. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm alkaloids hauv cov nroj tsuag tseem tsis tau paub. Hauv qee cov nroj tsuag, kev tsim cov alkaloids nce ua ntej cov noob tsim. Ntxiv rau cov no, alkaloids pab tiv thaiv qee cov nroj tsuag ntawm qee hom kab.
Flavonoid yog dab tsi?
Flavonoid yog ib qho tshwm sim ntawm polyphenolic compound pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Raws li txoj cai, flavonoid muaj kaum tsib-carbon pob txha pob txha uas muaj ob lub nplhaib benzene txuas ntawm lub nplhaib heterocyclic pyran. Nroj tsuag tsim cov flavonoids hauv kev teb rau cov kab mob microbial. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm phenylpropanoid txoj kev. Flavonoids tuaj yeem faib ua ntau pawg xws li flavones (xws li flavone, apigenin, thiab luteolin), flavonols (xws li, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, thiab fisetin), flavanones (xws li flavanone, hesperetin, thiab naringenin), thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 02: Flavonoid
Flavonoids muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative, dawb radical scavenging muaj peev xwm, tiv thaiv kab mob plawv, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, thiab anticancer kev ua ub no. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv kuj pab tiv thaiv oxidative kev nyuaj siab hauv cov nroj tsuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ua haujlwm raws li kev tswj hwm kev loj hlob hauv cov nroj tsuag.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub yog cov khoom noj tseem ceeb ntawm flavonoids rau tib neeg. Dos, tshuaj yej, strawberries, kale, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, Brussels sprouts, citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo, parsley, thiab ntau yam txuj lom yog ob peb yam khoom noj uas muaj flavonoids. Qhov tseeb, yuav luag txhua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub thiab tshuaj ntsuab muaj flavonoids. Cov xim zoo nkauj thiab ntxim nyiam hauv nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub yog vim muaj flavonoids. Lawv feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab sab nraud ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Alkaloid thiab Flavonoid?
- Alkaloid thiab flavonoid yog ib txwm tshwm sim cov organic tebchaw pom feem ntau hauv cov nroj tsuag.
- Lawv yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig.
- Ob lub tebchaw muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho kab mob thiab txhim kho tib neeg lub neej.
- Lawv muaj cov haujlwm tiv thaiv oxidative, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav.
- Ntxiv mus, lawv yog cov sib xyaw ua ke uas tsis muaj qhov hnyav molecular.
- Lawv suav tias yog cov metabolites thib ob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Alkaloid thiab Flavonoid yog dab tsi?
Alkaloid yog nitrogen-muaj cov organic compound pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, fungi thiab kab mob. Flavonoid yog polyphenolic theem nrab metabolite pom nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub thiab cov nroj tsuag muab dej haus. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm alkaloid thiab flavonoid.
Cov hauv qab no infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm alkaloid thiab flavonoid hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Alkaloid vs Flavonoid
Alkaloids thiab flavonoids yog qhov tshwm sim ib txwm muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag. Ob hom yog cov tshuaj antioxidants zoo heev. Lawv kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob. Ob hom kev sib xyaw ua ke qhia qhov dav dav ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv. Alkaloids yog nitrogen-muaj cov khoom hnyav molecular uas muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, fungi thiab kab mob. Flavonoids yog qhov hnyav molecular phytochemicals uas tsis muaj nitrogen. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm alkaloid thiab flavonoid.
