Qhov txawv ntawm Methane thiab Ethane

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Methane vs Ethane

Methane thiab Ethane yog cov tswv cuab tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg alkane. Cov qauv molecular ntawm ob lub tebchaw organic no yog CH₄ thiab C₂H_{6 raws. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Methane thiab Ethane yog lawv cov qauv tshuaj; Ib qho Ethane molecule tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ob pawg methyl koom nrog ua ib qho dimer ntawm methyl pawg. Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj thiab lub cev feem ntau tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv no.}

Methane yog dab tsi?

Methane yog tus tswv cuab tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg alkane nrog cov tshuaj formula CH _{4(plaub hydrogen atoms raug khi rau ib lub atom carbon). Nws raug suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide. methane yog cov roj uas tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis qab; tseem hu ua carbane, marsh gas, natural gas, carbon tetrahydride, thiab hydrogen carbide. Nws tuaj yeem tawg tau yooj yim, thiab nws cov vapor yog sib dua li huab cua.}

Methane ib txwm pom nyob hauv av thiab hauv qab hiav txwv hauv av. Lub atmospheric methane yog suav hais tias yog lub tsev xog paj. Methane tawg rau hauv CH_{3– nrog dej hauv huab cua.}

Ethane yog dab tsi?

Ethane yog cov xim tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab ntawm qhov ntsuas kub thiab siab. Nws cov mis molecular thiab molecular hnyav yog C₂H₆ thiab 30.07 g·mol^{−1 feem. Nws yog cais los ntawm cov pa roj, raws li ib tug byproduct los ntawm roj av refining txheej txheem. Ethane tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tsim ethylene.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Methane thiab Ethane yog dab tsi?

yam ntxwv ntawm Methane thiab Ethane

qauv:

Methane: Cov mis molecular ntawm methane yog CH _4, thiab nws yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm tetrahedral molecule nrog plaub sib npaug C-H bonds (sigma bonds). Bond lub kaum sab xis ntawm H-C-H atoms yog 109.5 ^{0 thiab tag nrho cov C-H daim ntawv cog lus sib npaug, thiab nws yog sib npaug rau 108.70 pm.}

Ethane: Cov mis mos molecular ntawm ethane yog C₂H_{6,thiab nws yog saturated hydrocarbon vim nws tsis muaj ntau daim ntawv cog lus.}

tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig:

Methane:

Stability: Methane yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov uas tsis ua rau KMnO₄, K₂Cr ₂O₇, H₂SO₄ or HNO _{3 nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj.}

Combustion: Thaum muaj huab cua ntau dhau lossis oxygen, methane kub hnyiab nrog cov nplaim daj-xiav uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej. Nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic heev; yog li ntawd, nws yog siv los ua ib qho roj zoo heev. Thaum muaj huab cua tsis txaus lossis oxygen, nws ib nrab hlawv rau hauv carbon monoxide (CO) gas.

Hloov Cov Kev Sib Tham: Methane qhia kev hloov pauv nrog halogens. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim no, ib los yog ntau tshaj hydrogen atoms yog hloov los ntawm ib tug sib npaug zos tus naj npawb ntawm halogen atoms thiab nws yog hu ua halogenation.” Nws tshwm sim nrog chlorine (Cl) thiab bromine (Br) nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tshav ntuj.

Reaction nrog Chav: Thaum sib tov ntawm methane thiab chav dhau los ntawm qhov cua sov (1000 K) npib tsib xee txhawb rau ntawm alumina nto, nws tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen.

Pyrolysis: Thaum methane raug cua sov txog li 1300 K, nws tau decomposed rau carbon dub thiab hydrogen.

Ethane:

Reactions: Ethane gas (CH₃CH₃) reacts nrog bromine vapor nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub teeb los tsim bromoethane, (CH ₃CH_{2Br) thiab hydrogen bromide (HBr). Nws yog ib qho kev hloov pauv; Ib qho hydrogen atom hauv ethane yog hloov los ntawm bromine atom.}

CH₃CH₃ + Br₂ à CH₃ CH_{2Br + HBr}

Combustion: Kev ua tiav ntawm ethane tsim 1559.7 kJ / mol (51.9 kJ / g) ntawm tshav kub, carbon dioxide, thiab dej.

2 C₂H₆ + 7 O₂ → 4 CO ₂ + 6 H_{2O + 3120 kJ}

Nws tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj oxygen ntau dhau, ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm amorphous carbon thiab carbon monoxide.

2 C₂H₆ + 3 O₂ → 4 C + 6 H _{2O + zog}

2 C₂H₆ + 5 O₂ → 4 CO + 6 H _{2O + zog}

2 C₂H₆ + 4 O₂ → 2 C + 2 CO + 6 H_{2O + zog thiab lwm yam.}

Definition:

Kev hloov pauv: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hloov pauv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab hloov los ntawm lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm.

Siv:

Methane: Methane yog siv rau hauv ntau cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg (raws li roj, nkev roj, liquefied natural gas) thiab nws raug thauj los ua kua hauv tub yees.

Ethane: Ethane yog siv los ua roj rau lub cev muaj zog thiab ua cov tub yees rau qhov kub thiab txias. Nws raug xa mus rau hauv cov thooj voos kheej kheej li cov roj liquefied nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej vapor siab.