Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ampholyte thiab amphoteric yog lub sij hawm amphoteric txhais tau hais tias muaj peev xwm ntawm cov molecule los ua cov kua qaub lossis lub hauv paus whereas ampholyte yog ib qho molecule, uas yog amphoteric.
Peb tuaj hla cov molecules, uas peb categorize li yooj yim, acidic los yog nruab nrab. Cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim qhia pH qhov tseem ceeb tshaj 7 thiab cov kua qaub qhia pH qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog qis dua 7. Cov kev daws teeb meem muaj pH tus nqi 7 yog cov kev daws teeb meem nruab nrab. Muaj qee cov molecules, uas txawv ntawm qhov no ib txwm categorization. Ampholytes yog ib qho molecule zoo li no. Lawv muaj ob qho tib si acidic thiab yooj yim tshuaj.
Ampholyte yog dab tsi?
Ib qho ampholyte yog ib qho molecule uas muaj ob pawg hauv paus thiab acidic. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau tshwm sim piv txwv rau ampholyte yog amino acids. Peb paub tias tag nrho cov amino acids muaj -COOH, -NH2 pawg thiab -H sib txuas rau carbon. Cov pab pawg carboxylic (-COOH) ua raws li pawg acidic hauv cov amino acid, thiab cov amine (-NH 2) ua raws li pawg hauv paus. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib pab pawg R-R hauv txhua cov amino acid. Cov pab pawg R txawv ntawm ib qho amino acid mus rau lwm qhov. Qhov yooj yim amino acid nrog R pawg ua H yog glycine.
Txawm li cas los xij, pawg R hauv qee cov amino acids muaj cov pab pawg carboxylic ntxiv lossis pawg amine. Piv txwv li, lysine, histidine, thiab arginine yog cov amino acids ntxiv amine pawg. Thiab aspartic acids, glutamic acids muaj cov pab pawg carboxylic ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov ntawm lawv muaj -OH pawg, uas tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus lossis kua qaub nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej (tyrosine). Vim yog ob qho tib si acidic thiab cov pab pawg hauv paus, lawv feem ntau muaj tsawg kawg yog ob pKa qhov tseem ceeb (yog tias muaj ntau dua ib qho -NH 2 pawg lossis -COOH pawg, ces yuav muaj ntau dua ob pKa. nuj nqis). Yog li ntawd, cov titration curves ntawm ampholytes yog complex tshaj qhov qub titration nkhaus.
Daim duab 01: Ib qho Amino Acid hauv nws (1) un-ionized thiab (2) zwitterionic Forms
Kev tshwm sim
Hauv ntau lub tshuab, ampholytes tshwm sim hauv ntau daim ntawv them nyiaj nyob ntawm pH. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug acidic tov, cov amine pawg ntawm cov amino acids yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub zoo them los ntawm, thiab cov carboxyl pawg yuav nyob ua ib tug -COOH. Hauv cov tshuaj pH yooj yim, pawg carboxyl yuav muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm carboxylate anion (-COO-), thiab cov amino pawg yuav tam sim no li -NH2
Hauv tib neeg lub cev, pH ze rau 7.4. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv no pH, amino acids tam sim no raws li zwitterions. Ntawm no, cov amino pawg tau dhau los ntawm protonation thiab muaj cov nqi zoo, thaum pawg carboxyl muaj qhov tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm cov molecule yog xoom. Lub sijhawm no, cov molecule mus txog nws qhov isoelectric point.
Amphoteric yog dab tsi?
Lub sij hawm amphoteric txhais tau hais tias muaj peev xwm ntawm cov molecule, ion los yog lwm yam complex compound los ua lub hauv paus thiab cov kua qaub. Muaj qee cov molecules, uas muaj ob qho tib si cov khoom no nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej. Ntxiv mus, muaj qee cov hlau oxides thiab hydroxides, uas yog amphoteric.
Daim duab 02: Amphoteric Compounds
Piv txwv li, zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminium oxide (Al
2O3), aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)) 3), thiab txhuas oxides yog amphoteric. Nyob rau hauv acidic nruab nrab, lawv ua raws li lub hauv paus, thiab hauv nruab nrab nruab nrab, lawv ua raws li acids. Feem ntau thiab paub zoo amphoteric molecule yog cov amino acids, uas peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kab mob lom.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ampholyte thiab Amphoteric yog dab tsi?
Ib ampholyte yog ib qho molecule uas muaj ob qho tib si hauv paus thiab acidic pawg thiab lub sij hawm amphoteric txhais tau hais tias muaj peev xwm ntawm molecule, ion los yog lwm yam complex compound los ua lub hauv paus thiab cov kua qaub. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ampholyte thiab amphoteric yog lub sij hawm amphoteric txhais tau hais tias muaj peev xwm ntawm cov molecule los ua cov kua qaub los yog lub hauv paus whereas ampholyte yog ib qho molecule uas yog amphoteric.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Zinc oxide, aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide, thiab lead oxides yog amphoteric, uas muaj cov cwj pwm sib txawv hauv cov kua qaub thiab cov ntsiab lus daws teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no tsis yog ampholytes vim lawv tsis muaj cov kua qaub thiab cov pab pawg hauv cov molecules. Xijpeem, amino acid yog ib qho ampholyte, uas muaj ob qho tib si acidic thiab cov pab pawg hauv paus muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule. Li no, nws yog amphoteric ib yam nkaus.
Summary – Ampholyte vs Amphoteric
Amphoteric txhais tau hais tias muaj peev xwm ntawm cov molecule los ua cov kua qaub lossis lub hauv paus. Ampholytes yog cov molecules uas yog amphoteric. Yog li, ampholytes muaj ob qho tib si acidic thiab cov pab pawg hauv paus. Li no, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ampholyte thiab amphoteric yog lub sij hawm amphoteric txhais tau hais tias lub peev xwm ntawm cov molecule los ua cov kua qaub los yog lub hauv paus whereas ampholyte yog ib qho molecule uas yog amphoteric.
