Codon vs Anticodon
Txhua yam ntawm cov tsiaj nyob tau raug txhais los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov khoom siv caj ces uas yog DNA thiab RNA. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab tso rau hauv DNA lossis RNA strands nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej zoo heev rau txhua tus neeg nyob. Qhov ntawd yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua tus tib neeg nyob los ntawm txhua tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb. Cov txheej txheem nitrogenous hauv paus yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv DNA thiab RNA, qhov twg cov hauv paus no (A-Adenine, T-Thymine, U-Uracil, C-Cytosine, thiab G-Guanine) muab cov cim tshwj xeeb los tsim cov proteins uas muaj cov duab tshwj xeeb, thiab cov no txhais cov yam ntxwv lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsiaj muaj sia. Proteins yog tsim los ntawm cov amino acids, thiab txhua cov amino acid muaj ib tug yam ntxwv peb-base chav tsev uas yog sib xws nrog cov hauv paus hauv nucleic acid strands. Thaum ib lub hauv paus triplets dhau los ua codon, lwm qhov ua tus anticodon.
Codon
Codon yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm peb qhov kev ua tiav nucleotides hauv DNA lossis RNA strand. Tag nrho cov nucleic acids, DNA thiab RNA, muaj nucleotides sequenced raws li ib codons. Txhua nucleotide muaj ib lub hauv paus nitrogenous, ib qho ntawm A, C, T / U, lossis G. Yog li ntawd, peb qhov nucleotides ua tiav muaj qhov sib lawv liag ntawm nitrogenous bases, uas nws thiaj li txiav txim siab cov amino acid sib xws hauv cov protein synthesis. Qhov ntawd tshwm sim vim hais tias txhua tus amino acid muaj ib chav tsev, uas qhia txog triplet ntawm nitrogenous bases, thiab tos ib tug hu los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov kauj ruam nyob rau hauv cov protein synthesis los khi rau cov synthesizing protein strand ntawm lub sij hawm raws li lub DNA los yog RNA puag. ib ntus. Kev txhais lus ntawm DNA pib nrog kev pib lossis pib codon thiab ua tiav cov txheej txheem nrog nres codon, aka tsis muaj tseeb lossis txiav tawm codon. Qee lub sij hawm yuam kev tshwm sim qee zaum thaum lub sijhawm txhais lus, thiab cov no yog hu ua point mutations. Ib txheej ntawm codons tuaj yeem pib nyeem los ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus ib ntus, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem codons hauv DNA strand tuaj yeem tsim rau 6 hom proteins; ua piv txwv yog tias qhov sib lawv liag yog ATGCTGATTCGA, ces thawj codon yuav yog ib qho ntawm ATG, TGC, thiab GCT. Txij li thaum DNA yog ob txoj hlua khi, lwm txoj hlua tuaj yeem ua rau lwm qhov peb txheej ntawm codons sib xws; TAC, ACG, thiab CGA yog lwm qhov peb ua tau thawj codons. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej tom ntej ntawm codons hloov raws li. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias lub hauv paus pib txiav txim siab cov protein ntau uas yuav raug tsim ua tom qab txheej txheem. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov codons ua tau los ntawm RNA yog peb hauv ib feem ntawm txoj hlua khi. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm codon sequences los ntawm nitrogenous bases yog 64, uas yog lub thib peb lub zog ntawm plaub. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab ke ua tau ntawm cov codons tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis paub, vim qhov ntev ntawm cov protein sib txawv ntawm cov protein ntau. Qhov chaw txaus nyiam ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm lub neej pib nws lub hauv paus los ntawm codons.
Anticodon
Anticodon yog qhov sib lawv liag ntawm nitrogenous hauv paus lossis nucleotides resent hauv kev hloov RNA, aka tRNA, uas txuas nrog cov amino acids. Anticodon yog qhov sib thooj nucleotide ib ntus rau codon hauv tub txib RNA, aka mRNA. Anticodons txuas nrog cov amino acids, uas yog lub npe hu ua lub hauv paus triplet uas txiav txim siab seb cov amino acid yuav tsum khi rau cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov protein tom ntej. Tom qab cov amino acid khi rau cov protein strand, tRNA molecule nrog anticodon yog los ntawm cov amino acid. Cov anticodon hauv tRNA zoo ib yam nrog cov codon ntawm DNA strand, tshwj tsis yog T hauv DNA yog tam sim no raws li U hauv anticodon.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Codon thiab Anticodon?
• Codon tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv RNA thiab DNA, thaum anticodon yeej ib txwm muaj nyob hauv RNA thiab tsis nyob hauv DNA.
• Codons tau ua raws cov txheej txheem hauv nucleic acid strands, thaum anticodons tsis pom zoo nyob hauv cov hlwb nrog cov amino acids txuas los yog tsis.
• Codon txhais cov tshuaj anticodon yuav tsum los tom ntej nrog cov amino acid los tsim cov protein strand, tab sis tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev.
