Soluble vs Insoluble
Solubility thiab insolubility ntawm cov khoom hauv cov kuab tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nws tseem yog qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb rau tiam neeg ntawm lub neej hauv ntiaj teb thiab kev txuas ntxiv ntawm nws. Yuav tsum muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev sib cuam tshuam rau ib yam khoom kom soluble thiab insoluble. Ntawm no, peb yuav xav txog ob nqe lus no hauv kev pom dav dua.
Soluble
Solvent yog ib yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm yaj tau, yog li tuaj yeem yaj lwm yam khoom. Cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov kua, gaseous lossis cov khoom hauv lub xeev. Solute yog ib yam khoom uas yog soluble nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim ib tug tov. Solutes tuaj yeem ua kua, gaseous lossis khoom theem. Yog li, solubility / soluble yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov kuab tshuaj kom yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Lub degree ntawm solubility nyob ntawm ntau yam xws li cov kuab tshuaj thiab kuab tshuaj, qhov kub thiab txias, siab, nplawm ceev, saturation theem ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj yog soluble nyob rau hauv ib leeg tsuas yog ib yam nkaus ("nyiam nyiam yaj"). Piv txwv li, polar tshuaj yog soluble nyob rau hauv polar solvents tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv non-polar solvents. Cov piam thaj molecules muaj qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov molecular kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lawv. Thaum yaj hauv dej, cov kev sib tshuam no yuav tawg, thiab cov molecules yuav sib nrug. Bond breakages xav tau lub zog. Lub zog no yuav muab los ntawm kev tsim cov hydrogen bonds nrog dej molecules. Vim cov txheej txheem no, qab zib yog zoo soluble hauv dej. Ib yam li ntawd, thaum cov ntsev zoo li sodium chloride dissolves hauv dej, cov sodium thiab chloride ions raug tso tawm, thiab lawv yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov polar dej molecules. Qhov xaus peb tuaj yeem tuaj txog ntawm ob qho piv txwv saum toj no yog tias, cov solutes yuav muab lawv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thaum yaj hauv solubility. Thaum ib yam khoom yog thawj zaug ntxiv rau qhov hnyav, thawj zaug nws yuav yaj sai. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab tsim tau, thiab tus nqi tawg yuav txo qis. Thaum lub dissolving tus nqi thiab cov precipitating tus nqi sib npaug, qhov kev daws tau hais tias nyob rau ntawm solubility equilibrium. Hom tshuaj no hu ua saturated solution.
Insoluble
Insoluble txhais tau tias tsis tuaj yeem yaj. Nws yog qhov opposite ntawm soluble. Raws li tau hais los saum no, cov tshuaj yaj nrog ib leeg yog tias lawv "nyiam" ib leeg. Thaum lawv "tsis nyiam" ib leeg lawv yog insoluble. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias ob yam khoom tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg, lawv yuav tsis soluble. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv polar thiab cov khoom tsis yog polar tsis nyiam ib leeg; yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lawv. Yog li, non-polar solute yuav tsis soluble nyob rau hauv ib tug polar solvent. Piv txwv li, daim roj hmab tsis soluble hauv dej. Lwm cov suab thaj tsis soluble hauv roj. Insoluble khoom tuaj yeem sib cais yooj yim los ntawm txoj kev pom. Raws li muaj cov tshuaj uas yog insoluble kiag li, muaj peev xwm muaj ib co uas yog ib feem soluble. Yog tias cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib cuam tshuam rau qee qhov, lawv yog ib nrab soluble.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Soluble thiab Insoluble?
• Soluble txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj whereas insoluble txhais tau tias tsis muaj peev xwm yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj.
• Polar thiab non-polar substances soluble nyob rau hauv polar thiab non-polar solvents feem, whereas polar thiab non-polar tshuaj yog insoluble thaum sib tov.
• Thaum cov kuab tshuaj soluble nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj lawv yuav ua tau ib homogenous sib tov, tab sis yog hais tias lawv yog insoluble lawv yuav tsis.
• Kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom tsis sib xws hauv kev sib xyaw yog yooj yim dua li kev sib cais cov khoom sib cais.
