Qhov txawv ntawm Amphiprotic thiab Amphoteric

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

YAmphiprotic vs Amphoteric

Raws li amphiprotic thiab amphoteric zoo sib xws, qhov txawv ntawm amphiprotic thiab amphoteric heev yog qhov tsis meej pem. Ob qho tib si ntawm cov ntsiab lus, amphiprotic thiab amphoteric, yog ob qho tib si ntsig txog acid-base chemistry. Amphoteric tshuaj coj raws li cov kua qaub thiab ua lub hauv paus. Tag nrho cov tshuaj amphiprotic muaj peev xwm pub dawb thiab txais cov protons thiab tuaj yeem qhia ob qho tib si acid thiab lub hauv paus zog. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog amphoteric heev. Kab lus no piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj amphiprotic thiab cov tshuaj amphoteric kom meej. Ntxiv mus, nws muab piv txwv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los qhia lawv cov khoom.

Dab tsi yog Amphiprotic Tshuaj?

Lub sij hawm amphiprotic yog hais txog cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem txais thiab pub dawb rau proton; nws tuaj yeem yog ionic lossis covalent. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj amphoteric yuav tsum muaj ob lub ntsiab lus.

– Cov molecule yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib lub atom hydrogen thiab muab pub rau lwm molecule.

– Cov molecule yuav tsum muaj ib leeg ib khub ntawm electrons (electrons uas tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj bonding) kom txais ib tug proton.

Dej (H_{2O) yog cov tshuaj amphiprotic feem ntau; ib qho dej molecule txaus siab rau ob qho kev xav tau rau cov tshuaj amphiprotic.}

Ntxiv rau cov dej, feem ntau ntawm cov hauv paus conjugated ntawm diprotic acids tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj amphiprotic.

Diprotic Acid Conjugate Base

H₂SO₄HSO₄^-

H₂CO₃HCO₃

H₂S HS^–

H₂CrO₃HCrO₃^-

Piv txwv li: Carbonic acid (H

2_CO3_{) yog ib qho tsis muaj zog diprotic acid, bicarbonate (HCO} 3 –^{) yog nws lub hauv paus conjugate. Hauv cov tshuaj aqueous, bicarbonate qhia ob hom kev tshwm sim.}

(1) Pub ib tug proton rau dej (raws li bronsted - Lowry acid)

HCO

3–(aq) _{+ H}2 _{O -> H}3_O+ (aq) _{+ CO} 32- (aq)

(2) Txais ib qho proton los ntawm dej (raws li bronsted - Lowry base)

HCO

3–(aq) _{+ H}2 _{O -> H}2_CO3 (aq) _{+ OH} – (aq)

Yog li ntawd, bicarbonate (HCO₃^{–) yog hom amphiprotic.}

Cov Tshuaj Amphoteric yog dab tsi?

Cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kua qaub thiab lub hauv paus hu ua amphoteric tshuaj. Cov ntsiab lus no zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj amphiprotic. Vim hais tias, tag nrho cov amphiprotic tshuaj qhia cov acidic zog los ntawm pub ib tug proton thiab zoo sib xws, lawv qhia cov yam ntxwv yooj yim los ntawm kev txais ib tug proton. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov tshuaj amphiprotic tuaj yeem suav tias yog amphoteric. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus rov qab tsis yog ib txwm muaj tseeb.

Peb muaj peb txoj kev xav rau cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus:

Theory Acid Base

Arrhenius H⁺ tsim tawm OH^{– tsim tawm}

Bronsted-Lowry H⁺ pub H^{+ txais}

Lewis electron khub txais electron khub pub dawb

Piv txwv: Al2O3 yog Lewis acid thiab Lewis puag. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho amphoteric tshuaj, vim nws tsis muaj protons (H^{+), nws tsis yog amphiprotic tshuaj.}

Al₂O_{3 as a base:}

Al₂O₃ + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl₃ + 3 H _2O

Al₂O_{3 as an acid:}

Al₂O₃ + 2NaOH + 3 H₂O -> NaAl(OH)₄

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Amphiprotic thiab Amphoteric?

• Cov tshuaj amphiprotic coj ua kua qaub thiab ua lub hauv paus. Cov tshuaj amphoteric tuaj yeem txais lossis pub dawb rau ib qho proton (H^{+ ion).}

• Txhua yam tshuaj amphoteric yog amphiprotic, tab sis tag nrho cov amphiprotic tshuaj tsis yog amphoteric.

• hom Amphiprotic xav txog kev muaj peev xwm pub dawb lossis txais ib qho proton. Txawm li cas los xij, hom amphoteric xav txog lub peev xwm los ua cov kua qaub thiab ua lub hauv paus. Acid-base zog nyob ntawm peb yam xws li muaj peev xwm pub dawb lossis txais ib qho proton.

Yog ib yam khoom muaj ib khub electron pub dawb thiab nws muaj peev xwm txais tau ib khub electron yog suav tias yog amphoteric.

Yog ib yam khoom muaj peev xwm tsim tau H + ion thiab OH- ion, nws raug suav tias yog amphoteric.

Summary:

YAmphiprotic vs Amphoteric

Amphoteric thiab amphiprotic tshuaj muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj acid-base chemistry. Ob qho tib si ntawm cov khoom no qhia cov kua qaub thiab cov khoom hauv paus. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kua qaub thiab ua lub hauv paus nyob ntawm lwm cov reactants. Cov tshuaj amphiprotic tuaj yeem pub dawb thiab txais ib qho proton. Dej yog qhov piv txwv tshaj plaws rau hom amphiprotic. Feem ntau ntawm conjugated bases ntawm diprotic acids kuj amphiprotic. Amphoteric tshuaj tuaj yeem coj tus cwj pwm ua kua qaub thiab ua lub hauv paus.