Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nitrogen thiab nitrate yog nitrogen yog ib qho khoom, thaum nitrate yog ib qho sib xyaw ntawm nitrogen thiab oxygen.
Nitrates yog cov ntaub ntawv anionic uas muaj nitrogen heev. Lawm, nitrogen tshwm sim raws li ib tug roj, thiab nws yog lub ntsiab reservoir ntawm nitrogen. Cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem siv cov pa roj nitrogen ncaj qha, yog li qee cov kab mob zoo li hloov gaseous nitrogen rau hauv dej-soluble cov ntaub ntawv xws li nitrates, nitrites lossis ammonium. Atmospheric nitrogen yog hloov mus rau hauv nitrate los ntawm kev lag luam fixation, los ntawm kev ua ntawm xob laim thiab los ntawm ib co ntawm cov av microorganisms. Peb hu cov txheej txheem no nitrogen fixation. Ammonia thiab nitrites tuaj yeem hloov mus rau nitrate los ntawm cov kab mob nitrifying hauv av. Cov nitrates nyob rau hauv cov av yog ces absorbed los ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau lawv cov dej num. Ntxiv mus, av nitrates tuaj yeem hloov rov qab rau cov roj nitrogen los ntawm cov kab mob denitrifying zoo li Thiobacillus denitrificans.
Nitrogen yog dab tsi?
Nitrogen yog plaub feem ntau tshaj plaws hauv peb lub cev. Nws yog nyob rau hauv pawg 15 ntawm lub sij hawm nrog lub atomic tooj 7. Nitrogen yog ib tug nonmetal thiab nws cov electron configuration yog 1s2 2s2 2p3. Lub p orbital yog ib nrab-sau, muab nitrogen lub peev xwm coj peb cov electrons ntxiv kom ua tiav qhov ruaj khov noble gas configuration. Yog li ntawd, nitrogen yog trivalent.
Daim duab 01: Nitrogen Atom
Ob lub atoms nitrogen tuaj yeem tsim peb daim ntawv cog lus ntawm lawv, sib koom peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob ib leeg. Qhov no diatomic molecule nyob rau hauv cov roj theem ntawm chav tsev kub thiab tsim ib tug colourless, odorless, thiab tasteless inert gas. Nitrogen yog cov roj uas tsis muaj hluav taws kub thiab tsis txhawb kev sib txuas. Qhov no yog cov pa roj ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb 'huab cua (kwv yees li 78%).
Ib txwm, muaj ob lub isotopes ntawm nitrogen, N-14 thiab N-15. N-14 muaj ntau dua. Ntawm qhov kub qis heev, nitrogen mus rau lub xeev ua kua. Nws zoo ib yam li dej hauv qhov tsos, tab sis qhov ceev yog qis dua dej.
Nitrogen yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob. Kev lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv nitrogen yog nws siv los ua raw khoom rau ammonia, nitric acid, urea thiab lwm yam nitrogen tebchaw. Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov chiv vim tias nitrogen yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag xav tau rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Nitrogen kuj tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas peb xav tau ib puag ncig inert, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua tshuaj lom neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, kua nitrogen yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev khov khoom tam sim ntawd thiab ua kom txias hauv ntau yam khoom siv (e.g.: computers).
Nitrate yog dab tsi?
Nitrate yog polyatomic anion uas muaj nitrogen thiab peb oxygen atoms. Cov nitrogen atom yog nyob rau hauv +5 oxidation xeev. Lub geometry ntawm no molecule yog trigonal planar, thiab nws qhia resonance ib yam nkaus. Qhov no monovalent anion tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm hom cation los tsim ntau yam organic thiab inorganic compounds.
Daim duab 02: Resonance Stabilized Structure ntawm Nitrate Anion
Nitrate-muaj cov tebchaw feem ntau yog dej-soluble thiab ntau nyob rau hauv cov av, dej thiab zaub mov. Nitrates yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua chiv. Lawv kuj tseem ceeb los ua cov khoom tawg. Nitrates yog cov tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Hauv peb lub cev, nitrates hloov mus rau nitrites thiab yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Nitrogen thiab Nitrate yog dab tsi?
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus nitrogen thiab nitrate suab zoo sib xws, lawv yog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nitrogen thiab nitrate yog nitrogen yog ib qho khoom, thaum nitrate yog ib qho sib xyaw ntawm nitrogen thiab oxygen. Hauv lwm lo lus, nitrogen yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj tus lej atomic 7 thiab cim N thaum Nitrate yog anion muaj cov tshuaj NO3– Ntxiv mus., nitrogen atom yog trivalent thaum nitrate anion yog monovalent. Thaum xav txog tus nqi, cov nitrogen atom dawb yog nruab nrab thaum nitrate anion muaj -1 nqi. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub xeev oxidation ntawm dawb nitrogen atom yog xoom tab sis nyob rau hauv nitrate anion, nws yog +5.
Summary – Nitrogen vs Nitrate
Nitrogen yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj tus lej atomic 7 thiab cim N thiab Nitrate yog anion muaj cov tshuaj formula NO3-. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nitrogen thiab nitrate yog nitrogen yog ib qho khoom, thaum nitrate yog ib qho sib xyaw ntawm nitrogen thiab oxygen.
