Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm delocalization thiab resonance yog tias delocalization yog hais txog electrons raug faib thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm ib lub molecule es tsis yog txuas mus rau ib qho molecule whereas resonance yog hais txog qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov molecule vim delocalization ntawm electrons.
Delocalization thiab resonance yog cov ntsiab lus tshuaj lom neeg; Cov nyhuv resonance tau piav qhia siv cov electron delocalization ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Delocalization yog dab tsi?
Delocalization yog ib lo lus uas hais txog kev faib tawm ntawm cov tsis muaj pi electrons los ntawm cov molecule. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem piav qhia delocalized electrons raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib haum hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Lub sij hawm delocalization yog hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog ib qho atom lossis ib daim ntawv cog lus. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus delocalized electron muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus hauv ntau qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov organic chemistry, delocalized electrons yog nyob rau hauv lub resonance qauv ntawm conjugated systems nyob rau hauv aromatic compounds. Ib yam li ntawd, nyob rau hauv solid-state physics, delocalized electrons yog cov dawb electrons uas pab txhawb hluav taws xob conduction. Tsis tas li ntawd, quantum physics siv lub sij hawm delocalized electrons xa mus rau molecular orbital electrons uas tau txuas mus rau ntau lub atoms.
Daim duab 01: Electron Delocalization hauv Molecules
Qhov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws uas peb tuaj yeem muab tau rau lub cev muaj zog uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob delocalized yog lub nplhaib benzene. Lub nplhaib benzene muaj rau pi electrons hauv benzene molecule; peb feem ntau qhia cov graphically siv lub voj voog. Lub voj voog no txhais tau hais tias pi electrons cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho cov atoms hauv cov molecule. Qhov delocalization no ua rau lub nplhaib benzene kom muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov ntawv cog lus ntev.
Resonance yog dab tsi?
Resonance yog ib lub tswv yim hauv chemistry uas piav txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ib leeg electron khub thiab daim ntawv cog lus electron khub ntawm ib qho chaw. Cov nyhuv resonance pab txiav txim siab cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov organic lossis inorganic compound. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tebchaw muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab ib leeg electron khub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nyhuv no ua rau polarity ntawm molecules.
Daim duab 02: Resonance Structures of Butadiene
Cov nyhuv resonance qhia tau tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm delocalizing electrons hauv pi bonds. Feem ntau, cov hluav taws xob hauv cov molecules tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm atomic nuclei vim tias cov hluav taws xob tsis muaj qhov chaw ruaj khov hauv cov atoms. Yog li ntawd, ib leeg electron khub muaj peev xwm txav mus rau pi bonds thiab vice versa. Qhov no tshwm sim thiaj li tau txais lub xeev ruaj khov. Cov txheej txheem electron txav no hu ua resonance. Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem siv cov qauv resonance txhawm rau kom tau txais cov qauv ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm cov molecule.
Ib lub molecule tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub qauv resonance raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov khub ib leeg thiab pi daim ntawv cog lus tam sim no hauv cov molecule. Tag nrho cov qauv resonance ntawm ib lub molecule muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons thiab tib qhov kev npaj ntawm atoms. Qhov tseeb qauv ntawm cov molecule yog ib tug hybrid qauv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov resonance qauv. Muaj ob hom resonance nyhuv: zoo resonance nyhuv thiab tsis zoo resonance nyhuv.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo resonance piav qhia txog qhov resonance uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tebchaw uas muaj cov nqi zoo. Cov nyhuv zoo resonance pab kom ruaj khov rau qhov zoo hauv cov molecule. Cov nyhuv tsis zoo resonance piav qhia txog kev ruaj khov ntawm cov nqi tsis zoo hauv cov molecule. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv hybrid uas tau txais los ntawm kev txiav txim siab resonance muaj qis zog dua li tag nrho cov qauv resonance.
Qhov txawv ntawm Delocalization thiab Resonance yog dab tsi?
Delocalization thiab resonance yog ob lub ntsiab lus tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm delocalization thiab resonance yog hais tias delocalization yog hais txog electrons raug faib thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm ib lub molecule es tsis yog txuas mus rau ib qho molecule whereas resonance yog hais txog qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov molecule vim delocalization ntawm electrons.
Ntxiv mus, delocalization tshwm sim hauv cov molecules uas muaj lwm daim ntawv cog lus thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis triple daim ntawv cog lus thaum resonance tshwm sim hauv cov tshuab sib txuas, lossis cov molecules muaj cov nqi hluav taws xob txav tau.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm delocalization thiab resonance.
Summary – Delocalization vs Resonance
Delocalization thiab resonance yog cov ntsiab lus tshuaj lom neeg; Cov nyhuv resonance yog piav qhia siv cov electron delocalization ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm delocalization thiab resonance yog hais tias delocalization yog hais txog cov electrons raug faib thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm ib lub molecule es tsis yog txuas mus rau ib qho molecule whereas resonance yog hais txog qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov molecule vim delocalization ntawm electrons.
