Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm holmium thiab thulium yog tias holmium yog qhov muag muag, whereas thulium yog mos heev thiab peb tuaj yeem txiav nws nrog rab riam.
Holmium thiab thulium yog cov tshuaj lom neeg nyob rau hauv f block ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus no yog nyob rau hauv lanthanide series. Ob qho tshuaj no tau tshawb pom los ntawm tus kws tshuaj Per Theodor Cleve.
Holmium yog dab tsi?
Holmium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 67 thiab cov cim tshuaj Ho. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lanthanide series, thiab peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas nws tias yog lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj. Thulium muaj ib tug silvery-dawb tsos. Tus kws tshuaj Per Theodor Cleve tau tshawb pom cov tshuaj no.
Holmium yog cov khoom muaj qhov tshwm sim thawj zaug. Cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm holmium yog hexagonal kaw-packed qauv. Cov hlau no yog paramagnetic. Nws yog ib tug kuj mos hlau uas yog malleable thiab corrosion-resistant. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ruaj khov hauv huab cua qhuav ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua noo thiab kub kub, holmium sai oxidizes, tsim ib tug daj xim oxide. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, holmium muaj ib tug hlau, ci silvery lustre. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, holmium oxide tuaj yeem hloov xim sib txawv. E.g. Nyob rau nruab hnub, nws muaj xim daj tarnish.
Holmium muaj lub sijhawm sib nqus siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj lwm yam khoom sib nqus txawv txawv. Txawm hais tias nws yog paramagnetic ntawm ambient tej yam kev mob, nws ua ferromagnetic ntawm kub hauv qab 19 K.
Tsis tas li ntawd, holmium yaj yooj yim hauv sulfuric acid, tsim cov tshuaj uas muaj cov xim daj Ho(III) ions. Qhov feem ntau oxidation xeev ntawm cov tshuaj no yog +3. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, holmium muaj ib qho isotope ruaj khov. Tseem muaj ib co xov tooj cua isotopes.
Thulium yog dab tsi?
Thulium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 69 thiab cov cim tshuaj Tm. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lanthanide series. Zoo ib yam li lwm cov lanthanides feem ntau, nws muaj lub xeev oxidation +3 raws li lub xeev oxidation feem ntau hauv nws daim ntawv oxide. Txawm li cas los xij, lub xeev +2 oxidation kuj tseem ruaj khov hauv qee cov tebchaw. Cov hlau no muaj lub ntsej muag silvery grey thiab tshwm sim raws li cov khoom ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab.
Thaum xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntuj tsim ntawm thulium, nws muaj qhov tshwm sim thawj zaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tshuaj no qhia tau hais tias hexagonal kaw-packed siv lead ua qauv. Ntxiv mus, cov hlau no yog paramagnetic. Lub caij tau pom los ntawm Per Theodor Cleve hauv 1879.
Lub ci ci ci ci ntawm cov ntshiab thulium tarnishes thaum raug huab cua. Cov hlau no yog mos heev, thiab peb tuaj yeem txiav nws nrog rab riam vim nws Mohs hardness ranges ntawm 2-3. Thulium yog ductile thiab ductile. Nws ua ferromagnetic ntawm 32 K, antiferromagnetic ntawm 32-56 K thiab siab dua 56 K, nws yog paramagnetic. Muaj ob qhov loj allotropes ntawm thulium: tetragonal alpha thulium thiab hexagonal beta thulium. Ntawm lawv, cov qauv hexagonal beta ruaj khov dua.
Thulium yog electropositive, ua rau nws hnov mob maj mam nrog dej txias thiab ua kom yooj yim nrog dej kub los tsim nws cov hydroxide. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho cov halogens. Nyob rau hauv dilute sulfuric acid thulium tau yooj yim yaj, tsim cov tshuaj ntsuab daj ntseg.
Qhov txawv ntawm Holmium thiab Thulium yog dab tsi?
Ob leeg holmium thiab thulium yog cov tswv cuab ntawm lanthanide series. Holmium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 67 thiab cov cim tshuaj Ho thaum thulium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 69 thiab cov cim tshuaj Tm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm holmium thiab thulium yog tias holmium yog qhov muag muag, hos thulium yog mos heev uas peb tuaj yeem txiav cov hlau nrog rab riam. Ntxiv mus, holmium yog paramagnetic, tab sis thulium tuaj yeem yog paramagnetic, ferromagnetic los yog antiferromagnetic thaum kub hloov.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm holmium thiab thulium.
Summary – Holmium vs Thulium
Holmium thiab thulium yog f thaiv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm holmium thiab thulium yog tias holmium kuj yog mos, whereas thulium yog mos heev thiab peb tuaj yeem txiav nws nrog rab riam.
