Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cyanohydrin thiab nitrile yog cov cyanohydrin compounds muaj ib pawg cyano thiab ib pawg hydroxy whereas nitrile compounds tsuas muaj cyano pawg.
Ob lub cyanohydrin thiab nitrile compounds muaj cyano pawg (-CN functional group). Cov tebchaw no muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm txuas nrog alkyl lossis aryl pawg; Yog li, peb tuaj yeem categorize lawv li cov organic tebchaw.
Cyanohydrin yog dab tsi?
Cyanohydrin yog cov organic compound uas muaj cov tshuaj formula R2C(OH)CN. Cov tebchaw no muaj ob pawg ua haujlwm rau ib lub molecule: cyano pawg thiab hydroxy pawg. Ob pawg ua haujlwm no txuas nrog tib lub atom carbon. Cov pa roj carbon atom no txuas ntxiv mus rau ib qho alkyl lossis ib pawg aryl, lossis tuaj yeem muaj ob hom R pawg.
Industrially, cyanohydrin tebchaw yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li precursors rau carboxylic acid ntau lawm thiab rau ib co amino acids thiab. Cov cyanohydrin tebchaw tsim los ntawm cyanohydrin cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas ib tug ketone los yog ib tug aldehyde yog kho nrog hydrogen cyanide (HCN) nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau npaum li cas raws li ib tug catalyst. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, cyano pawg (CN-) ntawm hydrogen cyanide ua raws li cov nucleophile, uas tawm tsam cov electrophilic carbonyl carbon nyob rau hauv ketone los yog aldehyde. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog ua raws li protonation los ntawm HCN, uas ua rau rov tsim dua ntawm cyanide anion. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem npaj cyanohydrins los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm sulfite los ntawm cyanide ntsev.
Qhov feem ntau thiab tseem ceeb cyanohydrin compound yog acetone cyanohydrin. Nws yog cyanohydrin ntawm acetone tsim los ua ib qho nruab nrab hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm methyl methacrylate. Cov khoom no muaj nyob hauv cov kua thiab tuaj yeem ua qhov chaw ntawm HCN.
Nitrile yog dab tsi?
Nitrile tebchaw yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj cov tshuaj formula R-CN. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias cov tebchaw no muaj ib pawg cyano. Yog li, lo lus cyano- feem ntau yog siv sib hloov nrog lub sij hawm nitrile hauv kev lag luam. Muaj ntau yam kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm nitrile tebchaw, suav nrog kev tsim cov methyl cyanoacrylate, hauv kev tsim cov superglue, nitrile roj hmab, nitrile-muaj cov polymers uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim cov hnab looj tes kho mob, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau daim ntawv thov ntawm nitrile roj hmab ib yam nkaus.; tshwj xeeb tshaj yog raws li tsheb thiab lwm yam ntsaws ruaj ruaj vim nws tsis kam rau roj thiab roj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov tshuaj inorganic uas muaj cov cyano pawg tsis yog hu ua nitrile compounds; lawv hu ua cyanide xwb.
Thaum xav txog cov qauv, nitriles yog linear molecules. Cov molecules no qhia txog sp hybridization ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom muaj triple daim ntawv cog lus nrog nitrogen atom. Nitrile compounds yog polar thiab muaj lub sijhawm dipole. Nitrile compounds tshwm sim ua kua uas muaj cov txheeb ze permittivities.
Peb tuaj yeem tsim nitrile compound kev lag luam ntawm ammoxidation thiab hydrocyanation. Ob txoj kev no muaj kev ruaj ntseg (ntsuab) thiab muaj qhov tso tawm yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov khoom phom sij.
Qhov txawv ntawm Cyanohydrin thiab Nitrile yog dab tsi?
Cyanohydrin thiab nitrile tebchaw yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj cyano functional pawg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cyanohydrin thiab nitrile yog cov cyanohydrin tebchaw muaj ib pawg cyano thiab hydroxy pawg thaum nitrile compounds tsuas muaj cyano pawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cyanohydrin yog tsim los ntawm cyanohydrin cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum nitrile tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ammoxidation thiab hydrocyanation.
Hauv qab infographics tabulates ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cyanohydrin thiab nitrile.
Summary – Cyanohydrin vs Nitrile
Cyanohydrin thiab nitrile tebchaw yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj cyano functional pawg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cyanohydrin thiab nitrile yog cov cyanohydrin tebchaw muaj ib pawg cyano thiab ib pab pawg hydroxy hos nitrile compounds tsuas muaj cyano pawg.
