Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cyanide thiab nitrile yog lub sij hawm cyanide hais txog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj pawg cyano. Lub caij no, lub sij hawm nitrile yog hais txog cov organic compound uas muaj ib pawg cyano.
Peb feem ntau siv cov ntsiab lus cyanide thiab nitrile sib hloov vim ob nqe lus no xa mus rau C≡N pawg lossis pawg cyano. Tab sis, lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg vim hais tias lub sij hawm nitrile tsuas yog siv rau cov organic compound uas muaj cyano pawg thaum lub sij hawm cyanide hais txog ob qho tib si organic thiab inorganic tebchaw uas muaj cov cyano pawg.
Cyanide yog dab tsi?
Cyanide yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov cyano (C≡N) pawg. Cov pab pawg cyano muaj cov pa roj carbon atom thiab nitrogen atom, uas txuas nrog peb daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li, lo lus cyanide yuav xa mus rau ib qho organic lossis inorganic compound uas muaj pawg cyano. Hauv qhov sib piv, lo lus nitrile yog hais txog cov organic compound uas muaj pawg cyano.
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv ntawm Hydrogen Cyanide
Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv inorganic cyanides, pawg cyano tam sim no yog anion; Piv txwv li, sodium cyanide thiab potassium cyanide. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cyanide no muaj tshuaj lom heev. Hydrogen cyanide los yog HCN yog ib yam khoom uas tsis muaj zog thiab muaj kuab lom heev. Hauv nitriles, pawg cyano yog txuas nrog covalent daim ntawv cog lus rau tag nrho cov molecule (tsis yog ion). Ib qho piv txwv zoo yuav yog acetonitrile.
Ntxiv mus, cyanide yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov kab mob, fungi, thiab algae hom. Nws kuj yog ib feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tebchaw no tsim los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj oxygen.
Thaum xav txog kev siv cov cyanides, cov khoom sib txuas no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev mining rau nyiaj thiab kub vim tias cyanides pab yaj cov hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cyanides tseem ceeb ua ntej rau cov txheej txheem organic synthesis, xws li kev tsim cov nylon. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov ntawv thov ntawm cyanide hauv thaj chaw tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab.
Nitrile yog dab tsi?
Ib nitrile yog cov organic compound uas muaj pawg -CN, thiab triple daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atom thiab nitrogen atom. Cov qauv molecular ntawm nitrile yog muab raws li R-C≡N. Ntxiv mus, lub kaum sab xis ntawm daim ntawv cog lus R-C-N yog 180 o Yog li, pawg ua haujlwm ntawm nitriles yog cov qauv kab.
Daim duab 02: Cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm General Nitrile Compound
nitrogen atom hauv nitrile yog electronegative heev. Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb ntawm carbon thiab nitrogen, polarity yog induced, ua nitrile tebchaw polar. Raws li cov no yog cov polar molecules, nitriles muaj cov ntsiab lus kub siab dua thaum piv rau lwm cov molecules ntawm tib qhov loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nitrile tebchaw tsis tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds (yog tias tsis muaj lwm cov hydrogen bond-forming pawg). Me me nitrile compounds yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej vim lawv polarity, tab sis loj nitrile compounds tsis soluble.
Nitrile roj hmab, uas yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws, yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb nitrile. Cov monomers siv rau kev tsim khoom yog acrylonitrile thiab butadiene. Cov khoom xws li hnab looj tes ua los ntawm cov roj hmab nitrile muaj ntau yam zoo dua li cov khoom siv roj hmab ntuj. Xws li cov piv txwv muaj xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub neej ntev txee, zoo puncture resistance, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Cyanide thiab Nitrile yog dab tsi?
Peb feem ntau siv cov ntsiab lus cyanide thiab nitrile sib hloov vim ob lo lus no xa mus rau C≡N pawg lossis pawg cyano. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cyanide thiab nitrile yog lub sij hawm cyanide hais txog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov pab pawg cyano, thaum lub sij hawm nitrile hais txog cov organic compound uas muaj pawg cyano.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm cyanide thiab nitrile yog tias thaum cov tshuaj inorganic muaj ib pawg cyano ua anion, cov organic compounds muaj covalent bond ntawm cov molecule thiab pawg cyano.
Summary – Cyanide vs Nitrile
Cov ntsiab lus cyanide thiab nitrile feem ntau siv sib hloov vim ob nqe lus no xa mus rau C≡N pawg lossis pawg cyano. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cyanide thiab nitrile yog lub sij hawm cyanide hais txog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov pab pawg cyano, thaum lub sij hawm nitrile hais txog cov organic compound uas muaj cyano pawg.
