Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntsiag to thiab nruab nrab yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntsiag to yog ib hom kev hloov pauv nruab nrab uas tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub cev phenotype thaum nruab nrab kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv hauv DNA qib uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig lossis tsim kev puas tsuaj rau lub peev xwm ntawm lub cev kom ciaj sia thiab yug me nyuam.
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv nucleotide ntu ntawm DNA. Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib puag ncig xws li luam yeeb thiab UV teeb lossis vim yog kis kab mob, tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, thiab lwm yam. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob kis mus rau tiam tom ntej thaum kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob uas tsis yog kab mob (somatic mutations) tsis dhau. mus rau tiam tom ntej, thiab lawv yuav cuam tshuam rau ib lub cev muaj sia nyob. Kev hloov ntsiag to tsis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov amino acid ib ntu ntawm cov protein uas tau sau tseg. Kev hloov pauv nruab nrab tsis ua rau pom qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev phenotype.
Dab tsi yog kev hloov pauv ntsiag to?
Daim duab 01: Hom Kev Hloov Kho
Kev hloov pauv ntsiag to yog ib hom kev hloov pauv uas tsis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov amino acid ib ntu ntawm cov protein uas tau sau tseg. Yog li ntawd, kev hloov pauv ntsiag to tsis hloov pauv cov amino acid ib ntus. Feem ntau, kev hloov pauv ntsiag to hloov ib qho ntawm cov hauv paus hauv peb lub hauv paus (codons). Txawm hais tias ib qho kev hloov pauv, cov amino acid uas yog coded los ntawm cov codon tshwj xeeb tseem tsis hloov. Qhov no yog ua tau vim qhov degeneracy ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Cov kev hloov ntsiag to tuaj yeem yog qhov hloov pauv, ntxig lossis tshem tawm.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntsiag to yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm G rau codon AAA. Thaum G tau hloov pauv, codon dhau los ua AAG. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si AAA thiab AAG codons qhia cov amino acid lysine. Yog li ntawd, cov amino acid sequence tseem tsis hloov.
Kev hloov pauv ntsiag to tau suav tias yog qhov tsawg lossis tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv ntsiag to tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim cov noob caj noob ces sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj hauv cov pej xeem. Cov kev hloov pauv rau tus lej triplet tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev txhais lus protein thiab lub sijhawm thiab tus nqi ntawm cov protein folding ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Kev hloov ntsiag to kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws.
Neutral Mutation yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv nruab nrab yog hom kev hloov pauv uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig lossis tsis zoo. Raws li cov noob caj noob ces, kev hloov pauv nruab nrab yog kev hloov pauv uas tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xaiv ntuj. Qhov tseeb, nws yog kev hloov pauv caj ces uas nws qhov phenotypic qhia tsis hloov lub cev hloov pauv tus nqi lossis kev nyab xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv nruab nrab dhau los ua ib feem ntawm qhov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm molecular. Qhov kev xav nruab nrab hais tias feem ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qib molecular tsis cuam tshuam rau lub cev muaj zog. Txij li kev hloov pauv nruab nrab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xaiv ntuj, lawv txoj hmoo yog tsav los ntawm caj ces drift.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev ntsiag to thiab tsis sib haum xeeb?
- Kev hloov ntsiag to thiab nruab nrab yog ob hom kev hloov pauv.
- Ob hom kev hloov pauv tsis ua rau pom qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev phenotype.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm kev ntsiag to thiab tsis sib haum xeeb?
Silent mutation yog kev hloov pauv uas tsis hloov cov amino acids ib ntus ntawm cov protein uas tau sau tseg. Neutral mutation, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog kev hloov pauv uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev lub cev. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov ntsiag to thiab nruab nrab.
Cov infographic hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ntsiag to thiab nruab nrab kev hloov pauv.
Summary – Silent vs Neutral Mutation
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ntu ntawm DNA. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv yog qhov qub thiab dhau mus rau lwm tiam neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev hloov pauv ua rau muaj kab mob caj ces. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev hloov pauv tsis hloov phenotype thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Kev hloov ntsiag to thiab kev hloov pauv nruab nrab yog hom kev hloov pauv uas tsis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub cev phenotype. Silent mutations tsis hloov cov amino acid ib ntus ntawm cov protein. Kev hloov pauv nruab nrab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig lossis tsis zoo. Silent mutation yog ib hom kev hloov pauv nruab nrab. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ntsiag to thiab nruab nrab kev hloov pauv.
