Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm UTR thiab intron yog tias UTR yog qhov tsis yog-coding nucleotide ib ntus uas suav nrog hauv mRNA kab ke thaum intron yog ib ntu uas tsis suav nrog hauv mRNA molecule.
UTR lossis cheeb tsam tsis tau txhais yog qhov tsis-coding ib ntus uas pom nyob hauv mRNA molecule. Hauv txhua sab ntawm mRNA ib ntus, peb tuaj yeem pom ib UTR. Yog li ntawd, muaj ob UTRs li 5'UTR thiab 3'UTR. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, ib qho intron yog ib tug tsis-coding sequence uas pom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm exons ntawm cov noob. Introns yog spliced tawm thaum ua mRNA. Li no, introns tsis pom hauv mRNA ib ntus. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si UTR thiab intron yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm eukaryotic genomes.
UTR yog dab tsi?
UTR lossis cheeb tsam tsis tau txhais yog ib ntu uas muaj nyob rau txhua sab ntawm mRNA ib ntus. Yog li ntawd, muaj ob UTRs. Ib qho tam sim no ntawm 5' sab, thiab nws yog hu ua 5'UTR thaum lwm qhov pom ntawm 3' sab thiab nws yog hu ua 3'UTR. 5'UTR tseem hu ua tus thawj coj ua ntu zus, thaum 3'UTR yog lub npe hu ua qhov sib tw trailer. Structureally, 5′ UTR yog pom nyob rau hauv lub coding sequence thaum 3′ UTR pom tam sim ntawd tom qab lub txhais lus nres codon. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hauv paus muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 5'UTR txawv ntawm qhov sib lawv liag ntawm 3' UTR. Feem ntau, G + C cov ntsiab lus ntawm 5′ UTR ib ntus yog ntau dua li ntawm 3′ UTR ib ntus. Thaum mRNA ib ntus tau muab txhais ua cov amino acid ib ntus, ob UTRs no tseem tsis tau txhais.
Figure 01: UTRs
Cov cheeb tsam uas tsis tau txhais lus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm cov noob caj ces tom qab. Lawv koom nrog kev tswj hwm kev txhais lus, degradation, thiab localization ntawm mRNA (kev thauj mus los ntawm mRNAs tawm ntawm lub hauv paus). Ntxiv mus, UTRs yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm mRNA thiab kev txhais lus zoo.
Intron yog dab tsi?
Introns yog cov nucleotide sequences ntawm cov noob uas tsis code rau cov proteins. Yog li ntawd, lawv raug hu ua non-coding sequences. Lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm exons. Introns, ua ke nrog exons, muab tso rau hauv pre mRNA molecule. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li lawv tsis koom nrog cov txheej txheem caj ces ntawm cov protein, lawv raug cais tawm ntawm RNA molecule los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua RNA splicing. Qhov seem RNA ntu yog hu ua mRNA lossis mRNA molecule paub tab. Yog li, mRNA molecule tsis muaj cov kab ke ntawm introns. RNA splicing tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev raws li cis-spling thiab trans-spling. Cis-spling tshwm sim thaum ib qho intron muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub noob. Trans-splicing tshwm sim thaum muaj ob lossis ntau qhov introns hauv ib lub noob.
Daim duab 02: Introns
Cov kab lus no tuaj yeem pom hauv DNA thiab RNA. Yog li, lo lus intron tuaj yeem siv los xa mus rau ob qho tib si tsis-coding sequences ntawm DNA thiab RNA. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pom tias ribosomal RNA (rRNA) thiab hloov RNA (tRNA) kuj muaj cov noob nrog introns. Tab sis zoo ib yam li DNA transcription, thaum rRNA thiab tRNA genes transcribe, cov uas tsis yog-coding sequences raug tshem tawm los ntawm qhov kawg RNA molecule. Yog li ntawd, cov no yog hu ua untranslated sequences of DNA.
Kev ua haujlwm tam sim ntawm introns yog qhov tsis meej me ntsis, tab sis nws ntseeg tau tias cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb los ua kom muaj ntau haiv neeg, tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm ib tus noob. Intron-mediated txhim kho cov noob qhia tau txais los ua lwm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lawv.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm UTR thiab Intron?
- UTR thiab intron yog non-coding nucleotide sequences uas tsis txhais.
- Ob leeg suav nrog hauv cov qauv noob.
Qhov txawv ntawm UTR thiab Intron yog dab tsi?
UTR lossis cheeb tsam tsis txhais lus yog ib qho nucleotide ib ntus pom ntawm txhua sab ntawm mRNA molecule. Meanwhile, lub intron yog ib tug tsis-coding sequence pom nyob rau hauv cov noob ntawm exons. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm UTR thiab intron. UTRs tsis spliced tawm thaum introns yog spliced tawm. Yog li ntawd, introns tsis suav hais tias yog cov cheeb tsam uas tsis tau txhais. UTRs tau koom nrog hauv cov kev cai tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob qhia thaum cov introns tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev cai tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob qhia.
Hauv qab infographic tabulates ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm UTR thiab intron.
Summary – UTR vs Intron
UTR thiab intron yog ob hom tsis-coding sequences. Tab sis intron tsis suav nrog hauv mRNA kab ke paub tab txij li introns raug spliced tawm los ntawm RNA splicing mechanism. UTRs suav nrog hauv mRNA ntu. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm UTR thiab intron. Ua haujlwm tau zoo, UTRs yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob qhia, thaum introns tsis tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawd.
