Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chlorination thiab sulfonation yog tias chlorination yog ntxiv cov tshuaj chlorine atoms rau cov organic tebchaw lossis dej, whereas sulfonation yog ntxiv ntawm sulfonic pawg rau cov organic compound ncaj qha.
Chlorination thiab sulfonation yog cov txheej txheem sib txawv nrog cov ntawv thov sib txawv. Chlorination feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab mob, thaum sulfonation yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem organic synthesis.
YChlorination yog dab tsi?
Chlorination yog txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj chlorine lossis cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine rau hauv dej rau kev tua kab mob. Txoj kev no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tua cov kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob hauv cov kais dej vim tias cov tshuaj chlorine muaj tshuaj lom heev rau lawv. Ntxiv mus, chlorination tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob hauv dej xws li kab mob cholera thiab typhoid.
Chlorine yog tshuaj tua kab mob zoo heev. Peb tuaj yeem ntxiv nws rau cov khoom siv dej pej xeem los tua cov kab mob ua rau cov kab mob uas nquag loj hlob hauv cov dej ntim dej. Chlorine yog tsim los ntawm ntsev los ntawm electrolysis. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim raws li cov pa ntawm chav tsev kub, tab sis peb tuaj yeem ua kua. Yog li, daim ntawv liquefied tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab mob.
Daim duab 01: Chlorination Reaction
Chlorine yog ib qho muaj zog oxidant. Yog li, nws tua cov kab mob ntawm oxidation ntawm cov organic molecules hauv cov kab mob. Ntawm no, chlorine thiab hydrolysis khoom ntawm chlorine, Hypochlorous acid, raug nqi tshuaj hom uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob. Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa ntawm tes lipid Cheebtsam thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov enzymes intracellular. Nws ua rau cov kab mob tsis ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd cov kab mob tuag, lossis lawv poob lawv lub peev xwm los ua kom muaj kev sib npaug.
Sulfonation yog dab tsi?
Sulfonation yog txheej txheem kev lag luam uas peb tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha rau sulfonic acid pawg, -SO 3 H, rau carbon hauv cov organic compound. Cov khoom kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog sulfonate. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov organic compound thiab sulfur-muaj acidic compound xws li sulfur trioxide (SO 3), sulfuric acid (H2 SO4) los yog chlorosulfuric acid.
Daim duab 02: Sulfonation ntawm Benzene
Sulfonation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim C-S daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ib qho ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm cov organic compound thiab cov sulfur atom ntawm cov sulfur-muaj cov khoom xyaw. Qhov kawg compound yog ib qho acidic compound thiab categorized li sulfonic acid. Tom qab kev tsim khoom, sulfonic acids tuaj yeem raug cais tawm thiab khaws cia vim lawv qhov ruaj khov.
Nws nyuaj heev los siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sulfonation ntawm kev lag luam nplai vim tias nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob nrawm heev thiab kub heev. Feem ntau cov organic tebchaw tsim cov char dub thaum tiv tauj nrog sulfur trioxide vim qhov kev tawm tsam sai thiab tsim kom sov. Lub viscosity ntawm cov organic tebchaw kuj tau nce siab thaum nws hloov mus rau hauv sulfonic acid ntawm sulfonation. Thaum lub viscosity nce, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tshem tawm cov cua sov los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm txias kom zoo. Yog tias tsis yog, cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab. Vim yog cov laj thawj no, kev lag luam-scale sulfonation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov nrawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sulfonation tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev tswj cov reactivity ntawm sulfur trioxide. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau ob txoj hauv kev:
Kev nyuaj siab
Kev sib xyaw ntawm sulfur trioxide tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Ua sulfamic acid los ntawm reacting sulfur trioxide nrog ammonia
- Ua chlorosulfuric acid los ntawm reacting sulfur trioxide nrog HCl
- Ua Oleum los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sulfur trioxide nrog dej
Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem sulfation tuaj yeem ua tiav siv ib lossis qee qhov ntawm cov tshuaj no. Tab sis thaum xaiv hom compound rau sulfonation txheej txheem hauv kev tsim khoom, ntau yam yuav tsum tau xav txog. Qee qhov piv txwv tau muab hauv qab no:
- Xav tau cov khoom kawg thiab nws qhov zoo
- Yuav tsum muaj peev xwm
- Reagent nqi
- khoom nqi
- Tus nqi pov tseg
Qhov txawv ntawm Chlorination thiab Sulfonation yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chlorination thiab sulfonation yog tias chlorination yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine atoms rau cov organic tebchaw lossis dej, hos sulfonation yog cov txheej txheem ntxiv ntawm sulfonic pawg rau cov organic compound ncaj qha. Ntxiv mus, chlorination yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv dej tua kab mob, tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm dej, ntxiv cov tshuaj chlorine atoms rau cov organic tebchaw thaum lub sij hawm cov organic synthesis, thiab lwm yam. Meanwhile, sulfonation yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntxiv sulfonic pawg rau cov organic tebchaw thaum lub sij hawm organic synthesis tshuaj.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm chlorination thiab sulfonation.
Summary – Chlorination vs Sulfonation
Chlorination thiab sulfonation yog ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chlorination thiab sulfonation yog tias chlorination yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine atoms rau cov organic tebchaw los yog dej, whereas sulfonation yog cov txheej txheem ntxiv ntawm ib pab pawg sulfonic rau cov organic compound ncaj qha.
