Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj hypervalent thiab hypovalent compounds yog tias cov tshuaj sib xyaw hypervalent muaj lub hauv paus atom nrog ntau tshaj yim electrons nyob rau hauv lub valence electron plhaub hos hypovalent tebchaw muaj ib tug central atom nrog tsawg dua yim electrons nyob rau hauv lub valence electron plhaub.
Cov ntsiab lus hypervalent thiab hypovalent yog hais txog inorganic covalent compounds uas muaj lub hauv paus atom. Ob hom kev sib txuas no sib txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus electrons nyob rau hauv nruab nrab atom - hypervalent compounds muaj tag nrho octet thaum hypovalent compounds tsis.
Hypervalent Compounds yog dab tsi?
Hypervalent compounds yog hom tshuaj uas muaj lub hauv paus atom uas muaj ntau tshaj yim electrons nyob rau hauv lub valence electron plhaub. Peb hu nws ib tug nthuav octet thiab. Thawj tus kws tshawb fawb uas tau txiav txim siab hom molecules no yog Jeremy I. Musher, xyoo 1969. Muaj ntau chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke xws li hypervalent iodine tebchaw, cov roj av zoo xws li Xenon compounds, halogen polyfluorides, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: Cov Khoom Uas Muaj Hnyav
Cov tshuaj sib txuas hauv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li txoj kev xav ntawm molecular orbital. Piv txwv li, yog tias peb muab cov sulfur hexafluoride compound, nws muaj rau fluorine atoms sib koom ua ke rau ib qho sulfur atom ntawm ib daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li ntawd, muaj 12 electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sulfur atom. Raws li molecular orbital txoj kev xav, 3s orbital, peb 3p orbitals thiab rau 2p orbitals los ntawm txhua fluorine atom pab tsim cov compound no. Yog li ntawd, muaj tag nrho ntawm kaum atomic orbitals koom nrog hauv kev tsim ua ke. Raws li kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm leej faj thiab fluorine, muaj chav rau 12 valence electrons. Txij li thaum muaj 12 electrons, sulfur hexafluoride compound yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke.
Hypovalent Compounds yog dab tsi?
Hypovalent compounds yog hom tshuaj uas muaj lub hauv paus atom nrog tsawg dua yim electrons hauv valence electron plhaub. Yog li ntawd, cov no yog hu ua hom tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Tsis zoo li hypervalent tebchaw, yuav luag tag nrho cov hypovalent tebchaw yog non-ionic hom. Li no, lawv feem ntau yog siv los yog granular compounds.
Daim duab 02: Boron Trifluoride yog ib qho Hypovalent Compound
Covalent cov tebchaw no tsis dais ntau tshaj plaub ib daim ntawv cog lus nyob ib puag ncig lawv txij li plaub covalent compounds xa mus rau yim electrons. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab ntawm covalent compounds feem ntau yog linear lossis trigonal planar.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hypervalent thiab Hypovalent Compounds yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj hypervalent thiab hypovalent compounds yog tias cov tshuaj hypervalent yog hom tshuaj uas muaj lub hauv paus atom nrog ntau tshaj yim electrons nyob rau hauv lub valence electron plhaub, whereas hypovalent tebchaw yog tshuaj hom uas muaj ib tug central atom nrog tsawg tshaj li yim electrons. nyob rau hauv lub valence electron plhaub. Ntxiv mus, feem ntau cov tebchaw hypervalent yog hom ionic, thaum yuav luag txhua cov tshuaj hypovalent yog covalent compounds.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab ntawm covalent hypervalent compounds yog tetragonal lossis ntau cov qauv, thaum cov tshuaj hypovalent tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv nyuaj; lawv yog linear lossis trigonal planar. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hypervalent thiab hypovalent compounds. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau tshaj li plaub covalent bonds nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm hypervalent compounds tab sis muaj ob los yog peb covalent bonds nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm hypovalent compounds.
Summary – Hypervalent vs Hypovalent Compounds
Cov ntsiab lus hypervalent thiab hypovalent piav qhia txog inorganic covalent compounds uas muaj lub hauv paus atom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hypervalent thiab hypovalent tebchaw yog tias cov tshuaj hypervalent yog hom tshuaj uas muaj lub hauv paus atom nrog ntau tshaj yim electrons nyob rau hauv lub valence electron plhaub, tab sis hypovalent tebchaw yog cov tshuaj uas muaj ib tug central atom nrog tsawg tshaj li yim electrons nyob rau hauv lub valence electron plhaub..
