Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab antimatter yog qhov teeb meem thiab antimatter muaj qhov cuam tshuam hluav taws xob.
Txoj kev tswj hwm peb lub ntiaj teb. Tej yam xws li cov ntiaj chaw, hnub qub, thiab tib neeg yog tsim los ntawm mater, tab sis kuj muaj cov teeb meem tsaus ntuj thiab lub zog tsaus uas peb tsis tuaj yeem ntes tau yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov teeb meem los ua khub. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias; Txhua qhov teeb meem muaj nws tus kheej antimatter, uas muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam tshwj tsis yog cov nqi hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, ib tug proton muaj tus nqi zoo, thaum lub antiproton muaj tus nqi tsis zoo. Tab sis, lawv muaj tib pawg thiab lwm yam khoom.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb?
Khoom yog txhua yam khoom uas muaj qhov loj thiab ntim. Qhov teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm atoms. Lub atom yog tsim los ntawm subatomic hais. Txawm li cas los xij, peb feem ntau xav txog atom yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem. Lo lus teeb meem tsis suav nrog cov khoom tsis muaj zog xws li photons. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zog phenomena xws li lub teeb thiab suab tsis suav hais tias yog teeb meem. Cov teeb meem tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv ntau theem: theem khoom, theem ua kua, thiab theem roj. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm theem ntawm qhov teeb meem yog ua tau; peb npe nws li lub xeev plasma. Lub xeev plasma muaj cov atoms, ions thiab dawb electrons uas raug tshem tawm ntawm atoms los tsim cov ions.
Ib lub atom muaj ib lub atomic nucleus, uas muaj protons thiab neutrons nrog rau lwm yam subatomic hais, ncig los ntawm ib tug huab ntawm electrons. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub quantum physics hais tias atom tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si thiab ua nthwv dej; peb lub npe no yog nthwv dej-particle dual.
Daim duab 01: Quark Structure ntawm Proton
Ntxiv rau kev siv atoms, lossis protons, neutrons thiab electrons, peb tuaj yeem txhais cov teeb meem siv leptons thiab quarks ib yam nkaus. Cov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem. Raws li cov ntsiab lus no, qhov teeb meem zoo tib yam yog txhua yam uas muaj lepton thiab quarks. Yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem yog txhua yam uas tsis muaj antilepton thiab antiquarks. Lepton thiab quarks ua ke los tsim cov atoms. Atoms ua ke los tsim cov molecules. Atoms thiab molecules tuaj yeem hu ua qhov teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, electrons yog ib hom lepton thiab protons thiab neutrons yog ua los ntawm quark hais. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no ua rau lub tswv yim hais tias qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi uas muaj huab hwm coj thiab ntim thiab tsis yog tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Antimatter yog dab tsi?
Antimatter yog qhov teeb meem uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua rau muaj teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, antimatter yog qhov opposite ntawm teeb meem. Piv txwv li, proton thiab antiproton yog ib khub ntawm cov teeb meem thiab antimatter, feem. Cov teeb meem thiab antimatter khub muaj tib lub loj tab sis opposite hluav taws xob. Lawv muaj qee qhov sib txawv hauv quantum zog thiab. e.g. ib tug proton tau them zoo thaum lub antiproton muaj tus nqi tsis zoo.
Daim duab 02: Lub Huab Chamber Duab Duab ntawm Positron
Kev sib tsoo ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo. Nws txhais tau hais tias ob qho tib si teeb meem thiab antimatter hloov mus rau lwm cov khoom muaj zog sib npaug. Qhov kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev mob siab photons xws li gamma rays, neutrinos, thiab qee qhov sib piv-antiparticle. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm lub zog tso tawm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob.
Zoo ib yam li qhov teeb meem, antimatter hais tuaj yeem khi nrog txhua tus los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, ib tug positron yog antiparticle ntawm lub electron, thaum antiproton yog antiparticle ntawm ib tug proton; ob lub antiparticles no tuaj yeem khi los ua ib qho antihydrogen atom. Peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem uas siv lub cim bar hla lub cim cim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov teeb meem.
Qhov txawv ntawm Qhov Teeb Meem thiab Antimatter yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov teeb meem thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj qhov cuam tshuam hluav taws xob. Antimatter yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov teeb meem, tab sis lawv muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam uas tsis yog hluav taws xob.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab qhov tsis muaj teeb meem.
Summary – Matter vs Antimatter
Antimatter yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov teeb meem, tab sis lawv muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam ntxiv rau cov nqi hluav taws xob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab antimatter yog qhov teeb meem thiab antimatter muaj qhov cuam tshuam hluav taws xob.
