Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus pas ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab tus neeg nruab nrab neutron yog tias cov pas nrig tswj tau tuaj yeem nqus cov neutrons thaum cov neeg nruab nrab nruab nrab tuaj yeem ua rau cov neutrons qeeb.
Control pas nrig thiab neutron moderator yog ob yam ntawm nuclear reactors. Ob lub ntsiab lus no muaj ob qhov sib txawv tab sis tseem ceeb rau kev ua si. Cov pas nrig tswj tswj cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas los ntawm kev nqus cov neutrons, tab sis tus neeg nruab nrab neutron tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov saw hlau los ntawm kev txo qhov ceev ntawm neutrons.
Control Qws yog dab tsi?
Tus pas ntsuas kub yog ib qho khoom siv hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear uas tuaj yeem nqus cov neutrons. Lub npe ntawm cov khoom no tau muab rau qhov no vim tias nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tswj cov fission tus nqi ntawm uranium los yog plutonium siv nyob rau hauv lub reactor nuclear los ntawm absorbing neutrons. Cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pas nrig tswj feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj xws li boron, cadmium, nyiaj, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj no muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov neutrons yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm neutron capture cross sections rau neutrons muaj ntau lub zog.
Daim duab 01: Tswj Qws
Cov pas nrig tswj tau muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear. Tom qab ntawd lawv raug hloov kho los tswj cov kab mob sib txuas nuclear uas tshwm sim hauv lub hauv paus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev tswj cov thermal tso zis ntawm lub reactor, tus nqi ntawm chav ntau lawm thiab cov zis hluav taws xob.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pas ntsuas hluav taws xob uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov tub ntxhais thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov pas nrig tau muab tso rau hauv lub zog muaj zog heev ntawm cov reactivity ntawm nuclear reactor. Feem ntau, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim tshiab tshiab muaj nws cov rods tswj tag nrho tso. Lawv raug tshem tawm ib nrab thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nuclear pib.
Neutron Moderator yog dab tsi?
Neutron moderator yog ib qho khoom siv hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov neutrons qeeb. Nws raug suav hais tias yog qhov nruab nrab uas tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb qeeb neutrons los ntawm kev txo lawv qhov ceev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom no tseem ceeb heev vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov neutrons qeeb tsis tau ntes ib qho ntawm lawv. Cov neutrons tseem tshuav nrog tsawg zog kinetic los ntawm cov khoom no. Cov neutrons no yog hu ua thermal neutrons thiab lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li cov neutrons ceev rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear.
Qhov feem ntau siv neutron moderator nyob rau hauv ib txwm nuclear reactor yog "dej lub teeb". Raws li lwm txoj hauv kev, peb tuaj yeem siv cov khoom graphite thiab dej hnyav. Lub zog kinetic txo los ntawm cov neutron yog pauv mus rau tus neeg nruab nrab. Ntawm no, lub zog hloov mus rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv nruab nrab.
Lub fission ntawm uranium-235 nyob rau hauv thermal-neutron reactors tsim ob fission khoom: ceev ceev-tsav dawb neutrons thiab lub zog. Qhov no pib ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vim tias cov txheej txheem tso tawm neutron tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej txhawb nqa. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no tuaj yeem tso lub zog siab heev. Lub fission cross-section yog cov khoom siv uas cov txheej xwm fission ntxiv raug txiav txim. Lub fission cross-section nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov neutrons. Yog li ntawd, raws li kev tswj hwm, kev siv lub nruab nrab nruab nrab yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov reactors ceev, tsis muaj neutron moderators.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Kev Tswj Qws thiab Neutron Moderator?
Control rods thiab neutron moderator yog ob yam khoom hauv lub reactor nuclear. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj tus pas nrig thiab tus neeg nruab nrab neutron yog tias cov pas nrig tswj tau tuaj yeem nqus cov neutrons thaum cov neutron moderators tuaj yeem ua rau cov neutrons qeeb. Cov rods tswj tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov saw hlau los ntawm kev ntes cov neutrons tab sis tus neeg nruab nrab neutron tsis ntes cov neutron.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus tswj pas nrig thiab tus neeg nruab nrab neutron.
Summary – Control Qws vs Neutron Moderator
Control rods thiab neutron moderator yog ob yam khoom hauv lub reactor nuclear. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj tus pas nrig thiab tus neeg nruab nrab neutron yog tias cov pas nrig tswj tau tuaj yeem nqus cov neutrons thaum cov neutron moderators tuaj yeem ua rau cov neutrons qeeb.
