Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - AIDS vs Autoimmune Disease
Autoimmunity yog ib qho kev hloov kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv tus kheej-antigens thiab cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov lus teb no hu ua kab mob autoimmune. AIDS yog theem kawg ntawm kev kis kab mob HIV. Thaum tsis muaj kev kho kom raug, kev tuag tshwm sim hauv 2-3 xyoos. Thaum AIDS yog ib qho kab mob venereal kis los ntawm tus kab mob HIV, kab mob autoimmune yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau ntau yam exogenous thiab endogenous antigens. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv loj ntawm AIDS thiab kab mob autoimmune.
AIDS yog dab tsi?
HIV/AIDS
Thawj qhov kev piav qhia ntawm AIDS tau tshwm sim xyoo 1981, ua raws li kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob hauv xyoo 1983. 35 lab tus tib neeg tau kwv yees tias nyob nrog tus kab mob HIV thoob ntiaj teb. HIV tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob thoob plaws ntiaj teb mus rau hauv lub sijhawm ntev uas tswj tau nrog kev qhia txog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv Retroviral Therapy. Kev kis tus kab mob HIV hauv Sub-Saharan Africa yog qhov hnyav heev, thaum, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe thiab ib feem ntawm Central Asia, cov kev cuam tshuam tseem nce ntxiv. Raws li kev txheeb cais tam sim no, 38% ntawm cov neeg nyob nrog HIV tau txais ART, txawm hais tias rau txhua tus neeg pib kho, muaj ob qhov kev kuaj mob tshiab.
Kev kis kab mob
Txawm hais tias HIV tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm ntau lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, kev sib kis feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov phev, qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, thiab ntshav.
1/. Kev sib deev (qhov chaw mos thiab qhov quav)
Kev sib deev sib deev suav rau feem ntau ntawm kev kis mob thoob ntiaj teb. Kev kis kab mob HIV zoo li ua tau zoo dua los ntawm cov txiv neej mus rau poj niam thiab mus rau tus khub txais kev sib deev hauv qhov quav.
2/. Kev kis ntawm niam-rau-Me nyuam (transplacental, perinatal, pub niam mis)
Nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus, feem ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm txoj kab ntsug ntawm kab mob HIV yog qhov no. Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim perinatally, kev kis tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv utero. Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib kis ntsug tau hais tias yuav tsum tau muab ob npaug los ntawm kev pub niam mis.
3/. Cov ntshav tsis huv, cov khoom siv ntshav, thiab khoom pub dawb
Ua ntej kev tshuaj ntsuam cov khoom siv ntshav tau qhia, kev kis kab mob HIV tau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov khoom hauv lub cev thiab nrog rau cov ntshav.
4/. Contaminated Needles (IV siv tshuaj tsis raug, txhaj tshuaj, thiab txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv)
Hauv South East Asia, Latin America thiab Eastern Europe, kev coj ua ntawm kev sib koom koob thiab koob txhaj tshuaj rau kev siv tshuaj IV txuas ntxiv yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kis tus kabmob HIV. Tom qab kev raug mob ib leeg nrog cov ntshav uas paub txog HIV, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kwv yees li 0.3%.
Pathogenesis
Lub hauv paus ntawm pathogenesis ntawm kab mob HIV yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm HIV thiab tus tswv tsev tiv thaiv kab mob. HIV yog tshwm sim los ntawm HIV1 thiab HIV 2. Cov no yog retroviruses. Cov nyhuv pathogenic ntawm HIV1 yog ntau dua li HIV 2. HIV kis CD4 T lymphocytes. Kev nce hauv HIV kab mob ua rau txo qis hauv CD4 suav thiab nce CD8 T lymphocytes.
Pib Kab Mob HIV
Nws yog ib qho mob ib ntus, uas yog cov tsos mob ntawm 40-90%. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce nrawm ntawm viremia ntau dua 1000000 / ml, txo qis hauv CD4 T lymphocytes suav thiab nce ntau hauv CD 8 T lymphocytes. Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim 2-4 lub lis piam tom qab kis tau, thiab nws yuav nyob ntev li 2 lub lis piam. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau mob mob mononucleosis. Cov theem no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov pob khaus maculopapular thiab mucosal ulcerations.
Ntshai Asymptomatic Phase
Tus kab mob tseem ceeb yog ua raws li lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev kho mob latency, uas yog kwv yees li 10 xyoo. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis tau zoo thiab cov CD4 suav. Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob feem ntau tsis tshwm sim nyob rau theem no.
Overt AIDS
Nov yog theem kawg ntawm tus kab mob HIV. Thaum tsis muaj kev kho kom raug, kev tuag tshwm sim hauv 2-3 xyoos. Thaum CD4 T cell suav poob qis dua 50, 000 / ml, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag thiab kev kis kab mob kis tau nce ntxiv.
Malignancies Associated with AIDS
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Primary cerebral lymphoma
Diagnosis
- Serology; ELISA, Western blot
- kuaj kab mob los ntawm PCR
- Antigen nrhiav pom; kab mob p24 antigen
Kev kho mob
- Nucleoside analog thim rov qab transcriptase inhibitors - Zidivudine, didanosine
- Non-nucleoside analogue thim rov qab transcriptase inhibitors -Nevirapine
- Protease inhibitors - Indinavir, Nelfinavir
- Tam sim no mus kom ze; Kev kho mob ua ke ntawm HAART
Kab mob autoimmune yog dab tsi?
Autoimmunity yog ib qho kev hloov kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv tus kheej-antigens. Raws li nyob rau hauv ib txwm tiv thaiv kab mob, qhov kev nthuav qhia antigen elicits ib tug sai proliferation ntawm T thiab B hlwb uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub activation ntawm effector mechanisms. Tab sis thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ib txwm sim tshem tawm exogenous antigens los ntawm lub cev, cov lus teb autoimmune tsom ntawm kev tshem tawm ntau yam endogenous antigens los ntawm peb cov kab mob lom.
Ib yam kab mob autoimmune thiab cov autoantigens uas ua rau lawv nce mus rau hauv qab no.
- mob caj dab Rheumatoid - synovial proteins
- SLE - nucleic acid
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia - Rhesus protein
- YMyasthenia gravis - choline esterase
Muaj ob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune
- Cov kab mob tshwj xeeb autoimmune - Hom I ntshav qab zib mellitus, Graves kab mob, ntau yam sclerosis, Good pasture syndrome
- kab mob tshwj xeeb autoimmune - SLE, Scleroderma, Rheumatoid mob caj dab
Raws li tau hais dhau los, cov lus teb autoimmune yog mounted tiv thaiv tus kheej-antigens. Tab sis, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov intrinsic molecules nrog antigenic zog ntawm peb lub cev. Yog li ntawd, cov kab mob autoimmune ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj vim qhov rov ua dua kom tshem tawm tus kheej-antigens.
Vim li cas ib txhia tsuas muaj kev cuam tshuam?
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov T hlwb, lawv tau ua siab ntev rau tus kheej-antigens. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee tus neeg qhov kev kam rau siab no yog ploj lossis cuam tshuam vim yog caj ces thiab ib puag ncig, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv autoimmunity.
Muaj ntau yam kev tiv thaiv uas txhawb nqa apoptosis ntawm tus kheej-reactive T hlwb. Txawm hais tias cov kev ntsuas no, qee cov cell uas tus kheej-reactive tuaj yeem nyob hauv peb lub cev. Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg uas muaj kab mob genetic susceptible nyob rau hauv lub tsim nyog tej yam kev mob, cov hlwb tau activated ua rau ib tug kab mob autoimmune.
Qhov Zoo sib xws ntawm AIDS thiab Kab Mob autoimmune yog dab tsi?
Ob qho xwm txheej cuam tshuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev
Qhov txawv ntawm AIDS thiab Kab Mob autoimmune yog dab tsi?
AIDS vs Kab mob autoimmune |
|
| AIDS yog theem kawg ntawm tus kab mob HIV. | Autoimmunity yog ib qho kev hloov kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv tus kheej-antigens. |
| AIDS yog los ntawm tus kab mob HIV. | Kab mob autoimmune yog tshwm sim los ntawm exogenous lossis endogenous antigens uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev. |
| Kev kis tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus los ntawm cov kua hauv lub cev. | Kab mob autoimmune tsis kis tau. |
| Ntxhais muaj caj ces | |
| Tsis muaj genetic predisposition. | Yuav muaj genetic predisposition. |
| Diagnosis | |
|
Kev kuaj mob yog ua los ntawm, · Serology; ELISA, Western blot · kuaj kab mob los ntawm PCR · Antigen detection; kab mob p24 antigen |
Kev tshawb nrhiav siv los kuaj xyuas cov kab mob autoimmune sib txawv raws li qhov chaw ntawm tus kabmob. |
| Kev tswj hwm | |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog siv los tswj tus kabmob AIDS. | tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau siv los tswj cov kab mob autoimmune. |
Summary – AIDS vs Autoimmune Diseases
AIDS yog theem kawg ntawm kev kis kab mob HIV thaum cov kab mob autoimmune yog cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv tus kheej antigens. AIDS yog ib yam kab mob sib kis, hos cov kab mob autoimmune yog cov kab mob uas tsis muaj kab mob uas nws pathogenesis tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam exogenous thiab endogenous agents. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv loj ntawm AIDS thiab kab mob autoimmune.
Download PDF Version of AIDS vs Autoimmune Diseases
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv ntawm AIDS thiab Autoimmune Diseases
