Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm silicon thiab carbon yog cov pa roj carbon yog cov tsis yog hlau hos silicon yog metalloid.
Carbon thiab silicon, ob qho tib si nyob hauv tib pab pawg (pab pawg 14) ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj plaub lub electrons nyob rau sab nrauv lub zog. Lawv tshwm sim hauv ob lub xeev oxidation, +2 thiab +4. Thiab ob qho tib si muaj xws li loj heev molecular lattices.
Silicon yog dab tsi?
Silicon yog lub caij nrog atomic naj npawb 14, thiab nws kuj yog nyob rau hauv pawg 14 ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, qis dua carbon. Nws muaj cov cim tshuaj Si. Nws txoj kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2Silicon tuaj yeem tshem tawm plaub lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab tsim ib qho +4 them cation, lossis nws tuaj yeem faib cov electrons los ua plaub daim ntawv cog lus.
Daim duab 01: Purified Silicon
Peb tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm silicon raws li cov hlau nplaum vim nws muaj ob qho tib si hlau thiab tsis yog hlau. Silicon yog ib qho nyuaj thiab inert metalloid khoom. Lub melting point ntawm silicon yog 1414 o C, thiab lub boiling point yog 3265 o C. Crystal zoo li silicon yog nkig heev. Nws tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj raws li ntshiab silicon nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Feem ntau, nws tshwm sim raws li oxide los yog silicate. Txij li cov txheej txheej oxide txheej tiv thaiv silicon, nws tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj lom neeg. nws yuav tsum tau kub kub kom oxidize. Piv txwv li, silicon reacts nrog fluorine ntawm chav tsev kub. Silicon tsis hnov mob nrog acids tab sis reacts nrog concentrated alkalis.
Ntxiv mus, muaj ntau ntau kev lag luam siv ntawm silicon. Silicon yog ib tug semiconductor, yog li ntawd, pab tau nyob rau hauv computers thiab electronics. Silicon compounds zoo li silica lossis silicates yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ceramic, iav thiab cement industries.
carbon yog dab tsi?
Carbon nyob txhua qhov chaw. Muaj ntau lab lub tebchaw uas muaj cov pa roj carbon. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias carbon yog lub hauv paus rau peb lub cev. Ib qho laj thawj rau qhov no yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide los tsim plaub daim ntawv cog lus nrog ntau cov ntsiab lus. Cov tebchaw no ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li chains lossis rings. Cov pa roj carbon atoms me me, thiab qhov no tso cai rau ob lub atoms los ze zog kom cov electrons hauv p orbitals tuaj yeem sib tshooj ua ntau daim ntawv cog lus.
Daim duab 02: Graphite thiab Pob Zeb Diamond
Carbon muaj tus lej atomic rau, thiab nws yog ib qho nonmetal nyob rau hauv pawg 14 nyob rau hauv lub periodic table. Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm Carbon yog 1s2 2s2 2p2 Carbon yog xim dub / grey khoom. Raws li cov pa roj carbon ntshiab, feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv yog graphite, thee, thiab pob zeb diamond. Hauv graphite, hexagonally txheej carbon atoms tsim txheej. Muaj qhov sib txawv me me ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab electrons delocalize nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Vim li no, graphite muaj hluav taws xob conductivity. Pob zeb diamond yog cov ntxhia nyuaj tshaj plaws uas peb paub. Yog li, nyob rau hauv no txhua carbon txuas mus rau plaub lwm carbons nrog covalent bonds, thiab chav tsev no rov ua rau cov pob zeb diamond. Yog li ntawd, pob zeb diamond muaj ib tug nruj tetrahedral network. Pob zeb diamond yog cov thermal conductor zoo, thiab nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb kho qhov muag.
Qhov txawv ntawm Silicon thiab Carbon yog dab tsi?
Silicon yog lub caij nrog atomic tooj 14, thiab nws kuj yog nyob rau hauv pawg 14 ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv qis carbon whereas carbon yog lub caij nrog atomic tooj 6, thiab nws kuj yog nyob rau hauv pawg 14 ntawm lub sij hawm. rooj, tsuas yog saum cov silicon. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv ntawm silicon thiab carbon yog tias cov pa roj carbon yog nonmetal whereas silicon yog metalloid.
Tsis tas li ntawd, carbon thiab silicon muaj tib lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li s2, p2 Tab sis, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm silicon thiab carbon. Nyob rau hauv silicon, cov electrons kis mus rau qib 3 lub zog, whereas nyob rau hauv carbon, nws tsuas yog mus rau qib 2nd zog. Qhov sib txawv no tshwm sim vim cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thib 2, tab sis silicon hauv 3rd. Silicon atom loj dua cov pa roj carbon atom. Ntxiv mus, lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm silicon thiab carbon yog tias silicon tsis tshua muaj zog dua li carbon. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntshiab tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej xws li pob zeb diamond, graphite, thiab thee. Tab sis cov ntshiab silicon tebchaw tsis tshua pom. Lawv muaj nyob ua oxides lossis silicates.
Cov lus qhia hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm silicon thiab carbon hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Silicon vs Carbon
Silicon thiab carbon yog ob yam tshuaj tseem ceeb. Muaj ob peb qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv raws li tau hais los saum toj no. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm silicon thiab carbon yog carbon yog nonmetal whereas silicon yog metalloid.
