Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Finkelstein thiab Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov kawg cov khoom ntawm Finkelstein cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog alkyl iodide whereas kawg cov khoom ntawm Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog alkyl fluoride.
Finkelstein cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj ntawm alkyl halides. Yog li ntawd, cov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb heev hauv cov txheej txheem organic synthesis. Ob qhov kev cuam tshuam no suav nrog kev sib pauv ntawm halides raws li lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm.
Finkelstein Reaction yog dab tsi?
Finkelstein cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv organic muaj npe tom qab tus kws tshawb fawb Hans Finkelstein. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, alkyl iodides yog tsim los ntawm lwm cov alkyl halides. Nws yog ib hom kev hloov pauv hloov. Peb hu nws ua SN2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv bimolecular. Feem ntau, cov no yog cov tshuaj sib npaug. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem tsav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kev ua tiav siv ntau tshaj ntawm halide ntsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws nrog thawj halides. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws uas siv cov allyl thiab benzyl halides. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov halides theem nrab yog tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, vinyl, aryl thiab tertiary halides yog unreactive.
Hais txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev hloov pauv ntawm alkyl chloride lossis alkyl bromide rau hauv alkyl iodide. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev kho cov tshuaj sodium iodide hauv acetone. Nws yog vim tias sodium iodide dissolves hauv acetone thaum sodium chloride thiab sodium bromide tsis yaj hauv acetone. Cov tsis zoo soluble sodium chloride thiab sodium bromide zoo li precipitate; Yog li, peb tuaj yeem tau txais sodium iodide ua cov khoom kawg vim kev ua haujlwm loj.
Swarts Reaction yog dab tsi?
Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hu ua tom qab tus kws tshawb fawb F. Swarts, uas tau pom nws nyob rau xyoo 19th xyoo pua. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, kev sib pauv ntawm halides nrog cov tshuaj fluoride tshwm sim los tsim alkyl fluorides. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim nrog kev hloov cov tshuaj chlorine nrog fluorine. Tsis tas li, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau ua nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm antimony fluoride (SbF 3). Nws yog vim hais tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm antimony yuav tsum tau rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev loj hlob; Nws yog ib qho tshuaj fluorinating. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, peb tuaj yeem siv lwm cov tshuaj fluorides xws li nyiaj fluoride (AgF) thiab mercury fluoride (Hg2F2), thiab..
Daim duab 02: Antimony Trifluoride
Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb heev hauv kev npaj ntawm Freons. Ib qho kev sib txawv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog kev siv hydrogen fluoride (HF) nrog rau cov ntsev ntawm antimony (Sb) muaj +3 lossis +5 oxidation xeev. Thiab, qhov txawv no hu ua fluorination.
Qhov txawv ntawm Finkelstein thiab Swarts Reaction yog dab tsi?
Ob Finkelstein cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txuam nrog alkyl halide productions. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no piav qhia txog kev sib pauv ntawm halides ntawm cov organic tebchaw (los yog cov organic thiab inorganic compounds) los npaj cov alkyl halides tshiab. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Finkelstein thiab Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov kawg khoom ntawm Finkelstein cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog alkyl iodide thaum kawg cov khoom ntawm Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog alkyl fluoride. Cov reactant rau Finkelstein cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem yog thawj halides, theem nrab halides, allyl halides thiab benzyl halides, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tertiary, vinyl thiab aryl halides. Cov reactants rau Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog alkyl chloride lossis alkyl bromide nrog rau cov tshuaj fluorinating xws li antimony fluoride.
Hauv qab infographic tabulates qhov sib txawv ntawm Finkelstein thiab Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Summary – Finkelstein vs Swarts Reaction
Finkelstein thiab Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txuam nrog alkyl halide productions. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no piav qhia txog kev sib pauv ntawm halides ntawm cov organic tebchaw (los yog cov organic thiab inorganic compounds) los npaj cov alkyl halides tshiab. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Finkelstein thiab Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov kawg khoom ntawm Finkelstein cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog alkyl iodide whereas kawg cov khoom ntawm Swarts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog alkyl fluoride.
