Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm orthologous thiab paralogous genes yog cov noob orthologous yog homologous genes pom nyob rau hauv ntau hom vim speciation, thiab lawv ua ib yam nkaus. Hauv qhov sib piv, cov noob caj noob ces yog cov noob uas pom nyob rau hauv ib hom vim kev sib tw thiab lawv tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv.
Homology yog txheej txheem ntawm kev nqis los ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Yog li ntawd, homologous genes pib los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv genes. Orthologous thiab paralogous noob yog ob hom homologous noob. Orthologous noob muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom. Lawv tau hloov zuj zus vim qhov speciation, thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo sib xws. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, paralogous genes muaj nyob rau hauv ib hom. Lawv yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm caj ces, thiab lawv tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv.
Dab tsi yog Orthologous Genes?
Cov noob caj noob ces yog homologous noob muaj nyob hauv ntau hom. Lawv tau evolved nyob rau hauv ntau hom los ntawm speciation. Txawm li cas los xij, cov noob caj noob ces thiab nws txoj haujlwm tau khaws cia los ntawm cov txheej txheem speciation. Yog li, orthologous genes muaj nyob rau hauv genomes ntawm ntau hom uas sib koom ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Ntxiv mus, lawv feem ntau tuav ib qho kev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws.
Daim duab 01: Orthologous Genes
Piv txwv li, tib neeg hemoglobin noob thiab dev hemoglobin noob yog cov noob orthologous diverged vim speciation. Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm orthologous noob yog cov nroj tsuag Flu regulatory protein tam sim no nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si Arabidopsis thiab Chlamydomonas. Cov noob no kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm ib tus poj koob yawm txwv thiab hloov zuj zus hauv ob hom vim qhov speciation.
Dab tsi yog Paralogous Genes?
Paralogous genes yog homologous noob diverged nyob rau hauv ib hom. Lawv tau hloov zuj zus vim muaj kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem genetic duplication. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv tib genome. Paralogous genes tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias ib lub noob ntawm tus khub paralogous feem ntau khaws cov haujlwm ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thaum lwm cov noob (mutant) ntawm tus khub paralogous ua haujlwm sib txawv.
Piv txwv li, tib neeg hemoglobin thiab myoglobin noob yog homologous genes uas yog paralogous. Ib yam li ntawd, cov noob encoding rau plaub hom hemoglobins (hemoglobin A, hemoglobin A2, hemoglobin B, thiab hemoglobin F) kuj yog cov noob caj noob ces.
Daim duab 02: Paralogous Genes
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Orthologous thiab Paralogous Genes?
Cov noob caj noob ces yog ob hom homologous noob nqis los ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv
Qhov txawv ntawm Orthologous thiab Paralogous Genes yog dab tsi?
Orthologous thiab paralogous genes yog homologous genes. Orthologous genes yog homologous genes pom nyob rau hauv ntau hom vim kev sib cais los ntawm speciation. Meanwhile, paralogous genes yog homologous genes pom nyob rau hauv ib hom vim duplication. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm orthologous thiab paralogous genes. Feem ntau, cov noob caj noob ces ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov noob caj noob ces. Piv txwv li, cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv uas tsis yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv loj ntawm orthologous thiab paralogous genes.
Ntxiv mus, cov noob orthologous muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom, thaum cov noob paralogous muaj nyob rau hauv ib hom. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm orthologous thiab paralogous genes. Cov evolution ntawm cov noob orthologous tshwm sim vim speciation, thaum lub evolution ntawm paralogous noob tshwm sim vim duplication.
Summary – Orthologous vs Paralogous Genes
Orthologous thiab paralogous genes yog homologous genes muab los ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Orthologous genes yog homologous noob muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom. Lawv ua orthologous vim qhov kev tshwm sim speciation. Piv txwv li, paralogous genes yog homologous genes tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib hom. Lawv ua paralogous vim duplication. Feem ntau, orthologous genes muaj cov haujlwm zoo sib xws, thaum cov noob paralogous muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov txawv ntawm orthologous thiab paralogous genes.
