Qhov txawv ntawm Square Planar thiab Tetrahedral Complexes

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm square planar thiab tetrahedral complexes yog cov square planar complexes muaj plaub-tiered siv lead ua daim duab duab, tab sis cov tetrahedral complexes muaj ob-tiered siv lead ua teb daim duab.

Crystal field theory yog ib txoj kev xav hauv chemistry uas piav txog kev tawg ntawm electron orbitals (feem ntau yog d thiab f orbitals) vim qhov hluav taws xob zoo li qub uas tsim los ntawm cov nqi anionic nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub atom. Txoj kev xav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev piav qhia txog cov khoom ntawm kev hloov pauv hlau complexes. Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia cov qauv ntawm square planar thiab tetrahedral complexes ib yam nkaus.

Dab tsi yog Square Planar Complexes

Square planar complexes yog kev sib koom ua ke uas muaj lub hauv paus hlau atom ncig los ntawm plaub lub atoms nyob rau hauv kaum ntawm tib lub dav hlau square. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm daim ntawv cog lus hauv cov qauv no yog 90 °. Hloov pauv cov hlau uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xaus d^{8 daim ntawv sib koom ua ke uas muaj qhov molecular geometry. Piv txwv li, Rh(I), Ir(I), Pd(II), thiab lwm yam}

Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia txog cov qauv ntawm cov complexes siv Crystal field theory (CFT). Raws li qhov kev xav no, lub square planar complex muaj plaub-tiered siv lead ua daim duab kos duab. Thiab, qhov kev faib plaub-tiered no yog hu ua D_4h4h _{Cov plaub theem zog muaj npe d}x2-y2_{, d}xy, d_z2, and [d_xz, d_{yz]. Ntxiv mus, muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm square planar geometry thiab tetrahedral geometry. Peb tuaj yeem hloov lub tetrahedral geometry mus rau hauv ib lub square planar geometry los ntawm flattening lub tetrahedron. Thiab, qhov kev hloov pauv no muab txoj hauv kev rau isomerization ntawm tetrahedral complexes.}

Tetrahedral Complexes yog dab tsi?

Tetrahedral complexes yog kev sib koom ua ke uas muaj lub hauv paus hlau atom ncig los ntawm plaub lub atoms nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum ntawm tetrahedron. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv cov qauv no yog hais txog 109.5 °. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov khoom sib txawv sib txawv ntawm ib leeg, cov kab sib txuas sib txawv. Muaj ob hom kev hloov pauv hlau uas tuaj yeem tsim cov hom kev nyuaj no: hlau muaj d⁰ configuration thiab d^{10 configuration.}

Ntxiv mus, raws li kev tshawb xav siv lead ua teb, cov tetrahedral complexes muaj ob-tiered siv lead ua daim duab kos duab. Ob theem zog ntawm daim duab no suav nrog ob pawg ntawm orbitals: d_xy, d_xz, d_yz hauv ib qib zog, thiab d_x2-y2, d_{z2nyob rau hauv lwm qhov teeb.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Square Planar thiab Tetrahedral Complexes yog dab tsi?

Crystal teb txoj kev xav yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev piav qhia txog cov khoom ntawm kev hloov pauv hlau, nrog rau cov qauv ntawm square planar thiab tetrahedral complexes. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm square planar thiab tetrahedral complexes yog tias cov square planar complexes muaj plaub-tiered siv lead ua daim duab, tab sis cov tetrahedral complexes muaj ob-tiered siv lead ua teb daim duab.

Ntxiv mus, cov hlau hloov pauv uas muaj lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xaus nrog d ⁸ kev teeb tsa zoo li tsim cov square planar complexes, thaum hlau muaj d ⁰ kev teeb tsa thiab d^{10 kev teeb tsa zoo li tsim tetrahedral complexes.}

Cov hauv qab no qhia txog kev sib piv ntau ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm square planar thiab tetrahedral complexes.

Summary – Square Planar vs. Tetrahedral Complexes

Crystal teb txoj kev xav yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev piav qhia txog cov khoom ntawm kev hloov pauv hlau. Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia txog cov qauv ntawm square planar thiab tetrahedral complexes thiab. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm square planar thiab tetrahedral complexes yog qhov square planar complexes muaj plaub-tiered siv lead ua daim duab duab, whereas tetrahedral complexes muaj ob-tiered siv lead ua teb daim duab.