Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab kinetic isotope nyhuv yog tias thawj isotope nyhuv piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv isotopic ntawm cov nyiaj tawg thaum cov nyhuv isotope theem nrab piav qhia txog kev hloov isotopic ntawm daim ntawv cog lus uas nyob ib sab ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tawg.
Kinetic isotope nyhuv lossis KIE yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum hloov ntawm ib qho isotope. Ntawm no, ib qho atom hauv reactant hloov los ntawm nws cov isotope yog li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi yuav txawv ntawm tus nqi pib. Tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus nqi rau KIE los ntawm kev faib tus nqi tas li rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj lub teeb isotopically hloov reactant los ntawm tus nqi tas li rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj cov hnyav isotopically hloov reactant. Yog li, KIE loj dua 1 yog suav tias yog cov nyhuv kinetic isotopic ib txwm thaum KIE tsawg dua 1 yog suav tias yog cov nyhuv inverse kinetic isotopic.
Primary Kinetic Isotope Effect yog dab tsi?
Primary kinetic isotope effect yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv vim yog hloov isotopic ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv cog lus. Ntawm no, qhov kev hloov pauv no yog nyob rau theem kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tus nqi txiav txim siab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, hom isotopic nyhuv no yog qhia txog kev sib tsoo los yog daim ntawv cog lus-ua rau cov isotope ntawm tus nqi-txheej kauj ruam.
Rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleophilic hloov pauv, thawj cov nyhuv kinetic isotope yog siv rau kev tawm hauv pawg, nucleophiles thiab alpha-carbon uas qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim. Hom kinetic nyhuv no tsis tshua muaj siab dua li KIE zoo tagnrho. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov yam tsis muaj kev vibrational.
Dab tsi yog Secondary Kinetic Isotope Effect?
Secondary kinetic isotope effect yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv vim yog kev hloov pauv isotopic ntawm ib qho chaw uas tsis yog qhov chaw sib tsoo. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws qhia tias tsis muaj daim ntawv cog lus rau lub isotopically sau atom yog tawg lossis tsim. Zoo li cov nyhuv kinetic thawj, qhov no kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus nqi txiav txim siab. Muaj peb hom kev cuam tshuam thib ob uas muaj npe hu ua alpha, beta thiab gamma effect.
Daim duab 01: Nucleophilic Hloov nrog Molecules muaj Hydrogen Hloov los ntawm Deuterium
Tsis zoo li thawj KIE, theem nrab KIE nyiam me dua. Txawm li cas los xij, hom KIE no tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv elucidating cov tshuaj tiv thaiv vim tias ib qho Deuterium atoms, KIE theem nrab yog qhov loj heev. Sib nrug ntawm qhov ntawd, qhov loj ntawm qhov cuam tshuam thib ob kinetic isotopic yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev vibrational yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Thawj thiab Qib Qib Kinetic Isotope Effect yog dab tsi?
Kinetic isotope nyhuv lossis KIE yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum hloov ntawm ib qho isotope. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab kinetic isotope nyhuv yog tias thawj isotope nyhuv piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv isotopic ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tawg, qhov thib ob isotope nyhuv piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv isotopic ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tawg. Ntxiv mus, tsis zoo li thawj KIE, qhov thib ob KIE nyhav me dua.
Ntxiv mus, qhov loj ntawm qhov cuam tshuam thib ob kinetic isotopic yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev vibrational thaum lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm isotopic effect tsis tshua muaj kev nkag siab vim yog cov yam tsis muaj kev vibrational.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab kinetic isotope nyhuv.
Summary – Thawj vs Secondary Kinetic Isotope Effect
Kinetic isotope nyhuv lossis KIE yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum hloov ntawm ib qho isotope. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab kinetic isotope nyhuv yog tias thawj isotope nyhuv piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv isotopic ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tawg, qhov thib ob isotope nyhuv piav qhia txog kev hloov isotopic ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tawg.
