Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Telomeres vs Telomerase
Cov ntaub ntawv caj ces yog dhau los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm kev ntim khoom rau chromosomes. Chromosomes yog cov xov zoo li cov qauv tsim los ntawm DNA molecules thiab cov proteins. Chromosomes muaj cov ntaub ntawv genetic hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov noob. Thaum lub sij hawm mitosis thiab meiosis, cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntws mus rau hauv cov menyuam ntxhais. Kev vam meej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mus rau cov menyuam ntxhais yog ua los ntawm cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov chromosomes. Cov cheeb tsam no nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chromosome caj npab, thiab lawv hu ua telomeres. Telomeres yog lub kaus mom tiv thaiv ntawm chromosomes whereas Telomerase yog ib qho enzyme uas tswj telomeres. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Telomerese thiab Telomerase.
Telomeres yog dab tsi?
Telomeres yog qhov kawg ntawm eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres yog tsim los ntawm kev rov ua DNA ib ntus thiab ntau yam protein ntau. Telomeres tuaj yeem muaj ntau pua lossis ntau txhiab qhov kev rov ua dua qub. Lawv ua raws li lub kaus mom tiv thaiv ntawm chromosome kawg. Telomeres tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm lub hauv paus khub ib ntus los ntawm chromosome xaus los ntawm cov enzymatic degradation.
Telomeres tseem tiv thaiv chromosomes sib txuas thiab tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm chromosomes. DNA ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov chromosomes tsis tuaj yeem luam tag nrho hauv txhua lub sijhawm ntawm kev rov ua dua. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau luv luv ntawm cov chromosomes. Txawm li cas los xij, telomere kev npaj ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm chromosomes pab txhawb kev ua tiav ntawm cov kab DNA. Proteins txuam nrog telomere kawg kuj pab tiv thaiv lawv thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev ua rau DNA kho txoj hauv kev.
Daim duab 01: Telomeres
Cov kab ke nucleotide ntawm thaj av telomere txawv ntawm cov hom. Nws yog suav nrog noncoding tandemly rov ua ntu zus. Ntev ntawm cov telomeres kuj txawv ntawm ntau hom, ntawm cov hlwb sib txawv, ntawm cov chromosomes sib txawv thiab raws li lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov hlwb. Hauv tib neeg thiab lwm cov vertebrates, feem ntau pom rov ua ntu ntu hauv telomeres yog TTAGGG.
Telomerase yog dab tsi?
Telomerase tseem hu ua telomere terminal transferase yog ib qho enzyme uas catalyzes txuas ntxiv ntawm telomeres ntawm chromosomes. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm telomeres kuj yog tswj los ntawm cov enzyme no. Telomerase yog tsim los ntawm cov protein thiab RNA subunits. Nws yog ribonucleoprotein. Lub RNA molecule nqa los ntawm telomerase enzyme uas ua raws li tus qauv rau elongate telomeres los ntawm kev ntxiv TTAGGG sequences rau cov chromosome uas twb muaj lawm.
Telomeras ntxiv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb rov ua dua rau cov telomeres. Thaum lub overhanging sequences ntev txaus, ib txwm DNA replication machinery tsim ib tug complementary DNA (cDNA) ib theem zuj zus siv RNA raws li ib tug template los tsim ob-stranded xaus. Telomerase yog RNA nyob ntawm DNA polymerase enzyme uas siv tus qauv RNA los ua DNA rau qhov sib ntxiv. Thaum telomeres txuas ntxiv los ntawm telomerase, DNA puas raug tiv thaiv.
Daim duab 02: Telomerase Action
Telomerase tsis ua haujlwm hauv feem ntau cov hlwb somatic. Hauv cov kab mob hlwb thiab qee cov hlwb laus, pom muaj telomerase nquag. Telomerases kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav cancer vim ntau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer muaj cov chromosomes uas tau luv telomeres. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kho mob qog noj ntshav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau inhibit qhov kev ua ntawm telomerase thiab kom tsis txhob muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntau dhau.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Telomeres thiab Telomerase?
- Telomeres thiab telomerase yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov chromosomal stability thiab kev ncaj ncees.
- Telomeres yog telomerase muaj nucleotides thiab proteins.
- Ob leeg telomeres thiab telomerase yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev xa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces kom raug rau cov menyuam ntxhais thaum lub sijhawm faib cell.
Qhov txawv ntawm Telomeres thiab Telomerase yog dab tsi?
Telomeres vs Telomerase |
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| Telomeres yog thaj chaw rov ua dua ntawm qhov kawg ntawm eukaryotic chromosomes. | Telomerase yog ib qho enzyme lossis ribonucleoprotein uas tswj telomeres. |
| Muaj nuj nqi | |
| Telomeres cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas muab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm enzymatic kawg degradation thiab tswj chromosome stability. | Telomerase catalyzes qhov sib ntxiv ntawm kev rov ua dua mus rau telomeres. |
| Telomeres feem ntau yog nucleic acids, thiab cov proteins ib yam nkaus. | Telomerase yog ib qho enzyme uas muaj cov amino acids, thiab RNA subunits ib yam nkaus. |
Summary – Telomeres vs Telomerase
Cov kaus mom tshwj xeeb DNA uas muaj nyob ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm chromosomes hu ua telomeres. Telomeres yog tsim los ntawm hom tshwj xeeb rov ua dua DNA thiab cov proteins. Lawv tiv thaiv chromosome xaus los ntawm enzymatic degradation thiab tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm chromosomes. Ntxiv mus, lub xub ntiag ntawm telomeres tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw ntawm chromosomes nrog ib leeg. Qhov ntev ntawm telomere tuaj yeem yog ntau pua mus rau txhiab tus hauv paus khub. Ntev ntawm telomere sib txawv ntawm ntau hom cell thiab hnub nyoog ntawm lub cell. Telomerase yog lub enzyme uas tswj telomeres. Cov telomeres txuas ntxiv los ntawm enzyme telomerase. Telomerase ntxiv rov ua ntu zus rau cov telomeres thiab txuas ntxiv thiab tswj cov cheeb tsam telomere. Telomerase yog tsim los ntawm cov protein thiab RNA units. Telomerase siv nws cov RNA subunits ua qauv rau kev sib txuas thiab ntxiv cov khoom rov ua dua rau chromosome kawg. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm telomeres thiab telomerase.
Download PDF ntawm Telomeres vs Telomerase
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov rub tawm PDF version ntawm no: Qhov txawv ntawm Telomeres thiab Telomerase
