Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Cov ntaub ntawv zais vs Encapsulation
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm. Nws pab tsim cov kev pab cuam lossis software siv cov khoom. Cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm kev siv daim ntawv qhia. Nws yog hu ua chav kawm. Ib chav kawm muaj cov cwj pwm thiab kev coj cwj pwm uas yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Ib chav kawm muaj cov tswv cuab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem. Cov tswv cuab cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom thaum txoj kev piav qhia tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv zais thiab Encapsulation yog ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm OOP. Kev zais cov ntaub ntawv yog txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov tswv cuab ntawm chav kawm los ntawm kev nkag mus tsis raug cai thaum Encapsulation yog txheej txheem ntawm kev qhwv cov ntaub ntawv cov tswv cuab thiab cov txheej txheem rau hauv ib chav tsev. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev zais cov ntaub ntawv thiab encapsulation. Cov ntaub ntawv zais tsom mus rau kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv thaum zais qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov system. Encapsulation feem ntau tsom rau kev zais qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov system. Encapsulation yog ib txoj hauv kev ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv zais.
Dab tsi yog zais?
chav kawm muaj cov tswv cuab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem. Kev zais cov ntaub ntawv yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov tswv cuab hauv chav kawm. Yog li ntawd, nws yog lub tswv yim los txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg. Hauv cov lus programming xws li Java, siv cov kev hloov pauv nkag. Lawv yog pej xeem, ntiag tug thiab tiv thaiv. Cov ntaub ntawv pej xeem cov tswv cuab thiab cov txheej txheem nkag tau los ntawm cov khoom ntawm lwm chav kawm. Cov tswv cuab tiv thaiv tuaj yeem nkag tau los ntawm cov khoom ntawm tib chav kawm thiab nws cov subclass. Cov tswv cuab ntiag tug nkag tau los ntawm cov khoom hauv chav kawm.
Tus programmer tuaj yeem siv cov kev hloov pauv no raws li daim ntawv thov. Yog tias nws tsis tsim nyog txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau cov tswv cuab, nws tuaj yeem siv cov kev hloov kho pej xeem. Kev cuab yeej cuab tam yog ib lub tswv yim ntawm OOP. Tsis yog, sau qhov program txij thaum pib, tus programmer siv tau cov chav kawm uas twb muaj lawm. Cov chav kawm uas twb muaj lawm yog superclass thaum chav kawm tshiab hu ua subclass. Tus programmer tuaj yeem ua rau cov tswv cuab ntawm chav kawm tsuas yog nkag mus rau cov chav kawm ntawd thiab cov chav kawm muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog siv 'tiv thaiv'. Yog tias nws yuav tsum txwv kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm sab nraud chav kawm, tus hloov kho 'private' tuaj yeem siv.
Cov ntaub ntawv zais yog tiv thaiv lwm yam khoom los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov tswv cuab ntawm ib chav kawm tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, tus programmer yuav tsum siv tus kheej nkag mus hloov kho. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv cov tswv cuab tsuas yog siv tau los ntawm txoj hauv kev. Yog tias muaj chav kawm hu ua Account thiab yog tias nws muaj cov tswv cuab cov ntaub ntawv sib npaug, tus tswv cuab cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag mus rau cov chav kawm ntawd nkaus xwb. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua qhov sib npaug, uas yog tus tswv cuab ntiag tug. Tam sim no nws tsuas yog siv tau hauv chav kawm xwb. Qhov no txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg.
Encapsulation yog dab tsi?
Hauv OOP, qhov program lossis software tuaj yeem ua qauv siv cov khoom. Txhua yam khoom muaj tus cwj pwm thiab tus cwj pwm. Cov cwj pwm yog cov ntaub ntawv cov tswv cuab lossis cov khoom thiab cov cwj pwm yog cov txheej txheem. Txhua yam khoom raug tsim los siv chav kawm. Nws muab daim phiaj xwm lossis piav qhia los tsim cov khoom. Encapsulation yog ib tug ncej loj belongs rau OOP. Nws yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv cov tswv cuab thiab cov txheej txheem rau hauv ib chav tsev.
Qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tswv cuab thiab cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kev zov me nyuam tswj tau thiab txo qhov nyuaj. Ib chav Rectangle tuaj yeem muaj cov tswv cuab cov ntaub ntawv xws li dav, ntev. Nws tuaj yeem muaj txoj hauv kev xws li getDetails, getArea, thiab tso saib. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv cov tswv cuab thiab cov txheej txheem tau muab tso rau hauv ib chav kawm hu ua Rectangle. Hauv Encapsulation ntiag tug, tiv thaiv, pej xeem hloov kho tuaj yeem siv. Cov kev hloov pauv nkag mus pab tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv. Encapsulation tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog txoj hauv kev ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv zais.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv zais thiab Encapsulation?
Ob qho ntaub ntawv zais thiab Encapsulation yog cov ntsiab lus ntsig txog Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zais thiab Encapsulation?
Data nkaum vs Encapsulation |
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| Cov ntaub ntawv zais yog txheej txheem uas ua kom cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb nkag mus rau cov tswv cuab hauv chav kawm thiab cov phiaj xwm kev ncaj ncees los ntawm kev tiv thaiv qhov tsis xav tau lossis xav hloov pauv. | Encapsulation yog OOP txheej txheem, uas bundles cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. |
| Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb | |
| Cov ntaub ntawv zais tsom rau kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv thaum zais qhov nyuaj. | Encapsulation tsom mus zais qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov system. |
| Cov ntaub ntawv zais yog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv. | Encapsulation yog ib txoj hauv kev ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv zais. |
| Access Modifiers | |
| Cov ntaub ntawv zais siv tus kheej nkag mus hloov pauv. | Encapsulation siv tus kheej, tiv thaiv, kev hloov pauv rau pej xeem. |
Summary – Data Hiding vs Encapsulation
Data Hiding thiab Encapsulation yog ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm OOP. Kev zais cov ntaub ntawv yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov tswv cuab ntawm chav kawm los ntawm kev nkag mus tsis tau tso cai. Encapsulation yog txheej txheem ntawm kev qhwv cov ntaub ntawv cov tswv cuab thiab cov txheej txheem rau hauv ib chav tsev. Qhov ntawd yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zais thiab encapsulation. Encapsulation yog ib txoj hauv kev ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv zais.
