Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Ethanol vs Isopropanol
Ob leeg ethanol thiab isopropanol yog cov organic tebchaw hu ua cawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ethanol thiab isopropanol yog tias ethanol muaj cov qauv kab molecular thaum isopropanol muaj cov qauv molecular.
Ob leeg ethanol thiab isopropanol muaj -OH (hydroxyl) pawg ua lawv pawg ua haujlwm. Ethanol tseem hu ua ethyl cawv. Lwm lub npe rau isopropanol yog 2-propanol.
Ethanol yog dab tsi?
Ethanol yog cawv muaj cov tshuaj formula C2H5OH. Ethanol muaj ntau yam siv nrog rau daim ntawv thov ua roj, ua cov khoom xyaw hauv kev lag luam zaub mov thiab dej haus, thiab lwm yam. Ethanol yog cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab, cov kua dej tsis haum nrog cov yam ntxwv tsw thiab saj qab zib. Ethanol muaj ib pawg ethyl sib txuas rau ib pawg hydroxyl.
Daim duab 01: Molecular Structure ntawm Ethanol
Cov molar loj ntawm ethanol yog 46 g / mol. Vim muaj cov pab pawg -OH, ethanol molecules tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog lwm cov hydrogen bond tsim cov molecules. Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas electronegativity ntawm oxygen atom thiab carbon atom, ethanol molecule yog ib tug polar molecule. Yog li ntawd, ethanol yog cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog rau cov polar compounds.
Ethanol yog tsim los ntawm ob txoj kev;
- Kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm ethylene hydration
- Biological ntau lawm ntawm fermentation.
Ethanol yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov dej cawv. Thiab tseem, nws yog siv los ua ib qho hnyav rau cov xim. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, ethanol yog roj. Thiab tseem, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb nruab nrab hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv xws li ethanoic acid, polymers, esters, thiab lwm yam.
Isopropanol yog dab tsi?
Isopropanol yog ib qho cawv uas muaj cov tshuaj formula C
3H8O. Lub npe IUPAC ntawm cov tshuaj no yog 2-propanol. Nws yog cov kua nplaum uas tsis muaj xim thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw muaj zog. Cov tshuaj no muaj ib pawg isopropyl (ib pawg alkyl) sib txuas rau pawg hydroxyl (-OH). Cov cawv no tau muab faib ua cov cawv thib ob vim tias muaj ob lub pa roj carbon ntxiv txuas rau cov pa roj carbon atom uas txuas nrog -OH pawg.
Daim duab 02: Molecular Structure ntawm Isopropanol
Y Cov molar loj ntawm isopropanol yog 60 g / mol. Lub melting point yog -88 ° C thiab boiling point yog 108 ° C. Cov tshuaj no yog ib qho isomer ntawm 1-propanol.
Muaj peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim isopropanol;
Direct Hydration
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev hydration ncaj qha, propene thiab dej ua rau ib leeg. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv theem ua kua lossis hauv cov pa roj. Kev tsim khoom yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv siab siab thiab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm acidic catalyst.
Indirect Hydration
Indirect hydration suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm propene thiab sulfuric acid, uas muab sib xyaw ntawm sulfate esters.
YHydrogenation ntawm Acetone
Lub hydrogenation ntawm acetone muab isopropyl cawv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm Raney nickel catalyst.
Muaj ntau yam kev siv ntawm isopropyl cawv; siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj polar vim yog isopropyl cawv yog ib nrab polar. Thiab kuj nws evaporates sai heev. Yog li, nws yog haum raws li ib tug hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev siv tshuaj kho mob ntawm isopropyl cawv xws li kev tsim cov cawv cawv, tshuaj ntxuav tes, thiab lwm yam hauv chav kuaj; Nws yog siv los ua ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ethanol thiab Isopropanol yog dab tsi?
YEthanol vs Isopropanol |
|
| Ethanol yog cawv muaj cov tshuaj formula C2H5OH. | 3H8O. |
| qeb | |
| Ethanol yog thawj cawv. | Isopropanol yog ib qho cawv thib ob. |
| Molar Mass | |
| Cov molar loj ntawm ethanol yog 46 g / mol. | YCov molar pawg ntawm isopropanol yog 60 g / mol. |
| Molecular Structure | |
| Ethanol muaj cov qauv kab. | Isopropanol muaj cov qauv tsim. |
| Solvent Properties | |
| Ethanol yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo rau cov polar compounds. | Isopropanol yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo rau cov tshuaj tsis muaj polar. |
Summary – Ethanol vs Isopropanol
Ethanol thiab isopropanol yog cawv sib xyaw. Cov tebchaw no muaj cov pab pawg hydroxyl (-OH) ua lawv pawg ua haujlwm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ethanol thiab isopropanol yog tias ethanol muaj cov qauv kab molecular thaum isopropanol muaj cov qauv molecular.
