Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Innate Immunity vs Acquired Immunity
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev thiab kev tiv thaiv tau txais yog ob ntu tseem ceeb thiab sib txawv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua ke los tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob ntu no yog tias, kev tiv thaiv hauv lub cev yog tam sim no txij thaum yug los thaum tau txais kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, ob lub tshuab tau mus txog ntawm nws tus kheej los qhia txog lawv qhov sib txawv.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob Innate yog dab tsi?
Innate immunity yog hom kev tiv thaiv uas yug los lossis, ua lwm yam lus, pom nyob rau hauv ib lub cev. Nws yog hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau qhib tam sim ntawd los teb rau cov kab mob invading. Nws tsis yog tshwj xeeb hauv cov xwm txheej xws li txawm tias muaj ntau hom kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev txhua lub sijhawm, cov lus teb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tseem zoo ib yam. Innate kev tiv thaiv muaj nyob rau hauv txhua hom kab mob tsis hais lawv yog unicellular, multi cellular, vertebrates los yog invertebrates, thiab lwm yam. thiab cov txheej txheem uas lawv tau txais kev tiv thaiv yog ntau dua los yog tsawg tib yam.
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev muaj ntau lub tswv yim uas nws tswj kev tiv thaiv lub cev, cov no suav nrog;
- Mechanical barriers ntawm lub cev uas tiv thaiv kev nkag ntawm microbes. Cov teeb meem no tej zaum yuav yog lub cev los yog tshuaj lom neeg. Ob peb ntawm cov teeb meem no yog daim tawv nqaij, cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial, mucous daim nyias nyias, plab flora, plab acid, dej ntws tawm ntawm qaub ncaug thiab kua muag,
- Chemotaxis; xws li kev nyiam ntawm phagocytic hlwb mus rau qhov chaw kis kab mob los ntawm cytokines lossis chemokines tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lossis cov hlwb.
- Kev xav; i.e. txheej txheej ntawm cov kab mob invading kom yooj yim paub los ntawm phagocytic hlwb.
- Phagocytosis; i.e. engulfing thiab digestion ntawm invading pathogens los ntawm ntau yam leukocytes (phagocytes) ntawm cov ntshav xws li neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer (NK) hlwb, eosinophils thiab basophils.
- Kev mob plab; i.e. o, mob, liab liab thiab kub ntau lawm ntawm qhov chaw kis kab mob.
YPhagocytosis
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tau Txais Dab Tsi?
Kev tiv thaiv tau txais los kuj raug hu ua kev tiv thaiv kab mob lossis kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Nws yog hom kev tiv thaiv uas los rau hauv kev nqis tes ua yog tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tau ua txhaum cai los ntawm cov kab mob invading. Nws yog hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau hloov kho los ntawm lub cev hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nkag mus. Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov kho, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tau txais kev sib piv qeeb dua li lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kis tau yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cov xwm txheej xws li nws teb tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus kab mob uas nws ntsib. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kis tau tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv vertebrates. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ob yam tseem ceeb uas coj txog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob invading. Cov no yog: lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob humoral thiab cell-mediated immune system.
Humoral Immune System
Humoral immunity (antibody mediated response) suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau pom zoo nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb no yog tsim los teb rau qhov muaj tus kab mob thiab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob ntawd. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog macromolecules uas yog tsim los ntawm activated B hlwb (tseem hu ua 'plasma cells') ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev lees paub ntawm antigens (tseem macromolecules) ntawm cov kab mob. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb rau ib leeg antigens thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tseem sib ntxiv rau ib leeg. Antibodies ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm neutralizing cov invading pathogen. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txuas rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txuas thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntxiv thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab mob nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab ua kom muaj kab mob.
Lwm qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb uas ua tiav los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog 'immunological nco' piv txwv li yog tias puas tau ntsib tus kab mob thawj zaug los ntawm lub cev (thawj kis kab mob) lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tau qhib thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias tom qab tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab ob peb lub hlwb B uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tseem muaj nyob thoob plaws lub neej, txawm tias tom qab kev sib kis tam sim ntawd. Cov hlwb B no yog hu ua 'cov hlwb nco', yog li yog tias puas muaj cov kab mob tib yam yuav tsum tau ntsib dua (thib ob kab mob) cov hlwb B nco yuav rov ua haujlwm los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam cov kab mob. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua 'immunological nco'.
Cell-mediated Immune System
Cell mediated immunity (cell-mediated teb) yog conferred loj nrog kev pab los ntawm T hlwb. Thaum kis tus kab mob, ob hom T hlwb tuaj yeem qhib tau, yog tus pab T hlwb lossis cytotoxic T hlwb. Helper T cells tau qhib thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob tau nthuav tawm ntawm phagocytic cells lossis antigen nthuav tawm cov hlwb (APCs) ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tus pab T cell tsim cytokines uas tig mus qhib lwm txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas nthuav tawm tiv thaiv cov kab mob. Cytotoxic T hlwb tau qhib kom muaj cov qog hlwb lossis cov kab mob kis kab mob; Lawv ua rau apoptosis lossis cell lysis ntawm cov kab mob.
Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev nkag siab thiab txhais tau tias yooj yim, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob xws li kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog thiab nquag. Ob qho tib si ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob no tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm ib txwm muaj lossis tsim khoom.
Passive Immunity
Passive immunity yog hom kev tiv thaiv uas tau txais los ntawm tus menyuam los ntawm nws niam thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm leej niam lub cev zoo li hla cov placenta thiab yog li tsim kev tiv thaiv hauv tus menyuam lub cev. Qhov kev tiv thaiv no feem ntau kav peb lub hlis tom qab yug me nyuam thiab wanes tom qab ntawd. Qhov no yog lub ntuj txhais tau tias kom tau txais kev tiv thaiv passive. Cov txhais tau tias yog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, lossis lwm yam lus tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los yog kab mob.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog hom kev tiv thaiv uas tau txais thaum ib tus neeg raug tus kab mob, thiab lub cev nquag koom nrog kev tawm tsam cov kab mob xws li hauv thawj kis kab mob (hais luv luv piav qhia saum toj no). Qhov no yog qhov txhais tau tias los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob kis tau Cov khoom siv dag zog uas ib tus tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav yog los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
Qhov txawv ntawm Innate Immunity thiab Acquired Immunity yog dab tsi?
txhais ntawm Innate Immunity thiab tau txais kev tiv thaiv
Innate Immunity: Innate immunity yog hom kev tiv thaiv uas yug hauv lub cev thiab tau qhib tam sim ntawd los teb rau cov kab mob nkag mus.
Acquired Immunity: Tau txais kev tiv thaiv, tseem hu ua adaptive immunity los yog kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, yog hom kev tiv thaiv uas tau hloov los ntawm lub cev los tiv thaiv lub cev tawm tsam cov kab mob nkag mus.
Yam ntxwv ntawm Innate Immunity thiab Tau Txais Kev Tiv Thaiv
Nature
Innate Immunity: Innate immunity is generic or non-specific in nature
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tau Txais: Tau txais kev tiv thaiv yog qhov tshwj xeeb.
Yuav khoom
Innate Immunity: Innate immunity yog tam sim no txij thaum yug
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tau Txais: Tau txais kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntau dua.
Nyob zoo
Innate Immunity: Innate immunity yog inheritable
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tau Txais: Kev tiv thaiv tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig, tshwj tsis yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob kis tau los ntawm tus menyuam los ntawm nws niam thaum cev xeeb tub.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Mechanisms
Innate Immunity: Ib yam ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv lub cev xws li kev tiv thaiv kev siv tshuab ua rau lawv cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv txawm tias muaj lossis tsis muaj tus kab mob invading
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tau Txais: Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, kev sib cuag nrog cov kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv.
Teb
Innate Immunity: Innate tiv thaiv yog tshwm sim tam sim ntawd teb rau kab mob
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tau Txais: Kev tiv thaiv tau txais yuav siv sijhawm ib ntus los txhim kho thiab siv nws cov teebmeem.
Cells
Innate Immunity: Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob loj hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog NK hlwb, neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, thiab lwm yam.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv: Cov kab mob loj hauv lub cev muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob kis tau yog cov lymphocytes; B cells thiab T cells.
Image Courtesy: "T cell activation" los ntawm T_cell_activation.png: Template kos duab thiab kab lus sau los ntawm "Immune System", ib qho kev hloov kho, ua los ntawm kuv tus kheej raug tso tawm rau hauv pej xeem domain.derivative hauj lwm: Hazmat2 (sib tham) - Cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab los ntawm: T cell activation.png:. Daim ntawv tso cai nyob rau hauv Public Domain ntawm Wikimedia Commons "Phagocytosis2" los ntawm GrahamColm ntawm English Wikipedia. (CC BY-SA 3.0) ntawm Wikimedia Commons
