Greek vs Latin Lus
Yog tias koj yog tus nyiam hom lus, tej zaum koj twb paub tias cov lus Greek thiab Latin yog dab tsi, lawv nyob qhov twg hauv qeb ntawm cov lus hauv ntiaj teb, thiab vim li cas lawv tseem ceeb npaum li lawv niaj hnub no, tab sis koj tej zaum yuav xav paub qhov txawv ntawm lus Greek thiab Latin. Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav cov lus teb, kab lus no yuav pab koj nkag siab txog ob hom lus thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv. Qhov tseem ceeb zoo sib xws ntawm ob hom lus yog tias lawv ob leeg los ntawm Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm hom lus.
Lus Greek yog dab tsi?
Greek yog hom lus tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Greece. Nws tseem yog hom lus rau yav qab teb Balkans, Aegean Islands, sab hnub poob Asia Minor thiab Cyprus. Greek, uas tseem yog hom lus ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Cyprus, yog lub npe hu ua hom lus nrog keeb kwm ntev tshaj plaws. Kev sau ntawv ntawm Greek, cov tsiaj ntawv Greek, stemmed los ntawm Phoenician scripts. Cov lus Greek suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv Greek uas muaj zog heev uas keeb kwm rov qab mus txog rau xyoo pua 4 BC. Cov lus Greek kuj yog lingua franca (txhua yam lus siv rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg hais lwm hom lus) thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm classical. Hais txog keeb kwm ntawm cov lus Greek, rau lub sijhawm luv luv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas: Proto-Greek, Mycenaean Greek, Ancient Greek, Koine Greek, Medieval Greek thiab Modern Greek. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev hais lus ntawm Greek, nws tau lees paub tias yog ib hom lus nrog diglossia: lub xeev muaj ntau yam sib txawv rau kev sau thiab hais lus. Nrog nws cov phonology, morphology, syntax thiab cov lus, Greek feem ntau lees paub tias yog hom lus zoo.
Latin yog dab tsi?
Latin, kuj yog los ntawm tsev neeg lus Indo-European, yog hom lus qub uas tau hais thaum lub sijhawm Roman faj tim teb chaws. Txawm hais tias kev sau ntawv hauv Latin tseem muaj, nws raug xa mus ua hom lus uas ploj mus yam tsis muaj zej zog ntawm cov neeg hais lus. Raws li lwm yam lus hauv ntiaj teb no maj mam hloov zuj zus, Latin tsis hloov vim qhov tseeb tias nws tsis tau hais los ntawm tib neeg tsuas yog qee pawg ntawm Roman Catholic lub Koom Txoos. Latin ib yam nkaus yog lingua franca thaum lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab nws tau muab faib ua ob pawg: classical Latin thiab Vulgar Latin. Nws yog los ntawm Vulgar Latin tias cov lus niaj hnub xws li Fabkis, Italian, Spanish, thiab lwm yam. Cov lus Latin siv cov ntawv sau npe hu ua cov tsiaj ntawv Latin. Zoo li Greek, Latin ib yam nkaus yog hom lus uas yuav tsum tau qhia thiab kawm thaum lub sijhawm nws yog ib qho cuab yeej muaj zog.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Greek thiab Latin?
• Greek yog hom lus ntawm Greek, Cyprus thiab lwm lub tebchaws thaum Latin yog lus Loos.
• Greek yog hom lus nyob thaum Latin feem ntau hu ua lus uas ploj lawm.
• Greek yog lingua franca thaum lub sij hawm classical whereas Latin yog lingua franca thaum nruab nrab hnub nyoog.
• Ob hom lus Greek thiab Latin tau los ntawm tsev neeg Indo-European ntawm hom lus, tab sis Latin tom qab yug tau ib tsev neeg hu ua hom lus Romance: Fabkis, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, thiab lwm yam.
• Ancient Greek thiab Latin muaj cov lus qhia txog kab lus kawg thaum cov Greek niaj hnub hloov mus ua VSO lossis SVO qauv.
• Cov lus Latin thiab Greek muaj cov tsiaj ntawv sib txawv.
• Ntau cov lus tshawb fawb, txuj ci, thiab kev kho mob los ntawm Greek cov hauv paus hniav thaum Latin qiv cov lus rau ntau yam lus.
Txawm hais tias Greek thiab Latin qhia ntau yam kev sau ntawv xws li poj niam txiv neej, cov xwm txheej, cov npe cuam tshuam, muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm Greek thiab Latin uas tuaj yeem sau tseg hauv lawv lub hauv paus, keeb kwm thiab lwm yam kev xav.
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