Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv molecular thiab covalent network cov khoom yog cov khoom siv molecular vim yog kev ua ntawm Van der Waal rog whereas covalent network cov ntaub ntawv vim yog kev ua ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds.
Peb tuaj yeem faib cov khoom sib txuas hauv ntau txoj hauv kev - nyob ntawm tus qauv, muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev sib txuas, cov khoom, kev siv, thiab lwm yam. Molecular solids, ionic solids, metallic solids, covalent network solids yog hom sib txawv ntawm cov khib nyiab.
Molecular Solid yog dab tsi?
Ib qho khoom siv molecular yog cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj cov molecules tuav ua ke ntawm Van der Waal rog. Tsis muaj ionic lossis covalent bonds ntawm cov molecules. Lub zog ntawm cov molecules yog cohesive attraction rog. Muaj ntau hom Van der Waal rog uas tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom molecular, piv txwv li kev sib cuam tshuam dipole-dipole, kev sib cuam tshuam pi-pi, hydrogen bonding, London rog, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: Tsim cov khoom Molecular vim Hydrogen Bonding
Txawm li cas los xij, cov Van der Waal cov tub rog no tsis muaj zog dua piv rau cov tshuaj ionic thiab covalent cov nyiaj cog lus. Yog li ntawd, molecular solids feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg thiab boiling. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no zoo li yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic. Cov khoom siv molecular no muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom; Yog li, cov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mos.
Daim duab 02: Cov Carbon Dioxide thiab Khoom Caffeine yog Molecular Solids
Ntxiv mus, thaum xav txog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj, txhua qhov allotropes qee zaum muaj nyob rau hauv cov khib nyiab molecular, tab sis feem ntau, qee cov allotropes yog cov khib nyiab molecular thaum lwm cov allotropes ntawm tib cov tshuaj tsis yog molecular solids. Piv txwv li, muaj ntau hom allotropic ntawm phosphorus; peb npe lawv li liab, dawb thiab dub phosphorus. Ntawm lawv, dawb phosphorous yog cov khoom molecular, tab sis liab phosphorous tshwm sim raws li cov qauv saw.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khib nyiab molecular yog ductile lossis nkig nyob ntawm seb lub ntsej muag siv lead ua ntawm cov khoom. Ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv ductile thiab nkig tuaj yeem dhau los ua elastic deformation ib yam nkaus.
Covalent Network Solid yog dab tsi?
Covalent network solids yog cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj cov atoms sib koom ua ke ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds. Cov khib nyiab no muaj ntau qhov rov ua dua atoms txuas rau ib leeg ntawm covalent bonds. Cov tshuaj sib txuas ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov atoms, uas ua rau kev tsim cov khoom sib txuas. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xav txog covalent network khoom ua ib hom macromolecule.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khib nyiab no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ob txoj hauv kev; raws li crystalline solids los yog amorphous solids. Ib qho piv txwv tsim nyog rau lub network khoom yog pob zeb diamond nrog covalently bonded carbon atoms, uas ua rau muaj zog 3D qauv. Feem ntau, covalent network solids muaj cov ntsiab lus siab melting thiab boiling. Feem ntau, cov khib nyiab no yog insoluble nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm cov kuab tshuaj vim hais tias nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los rhuav tshem cov bonds ntawm atoms. Ntxiv mus, cov khib nyiab no nyuaj heev thiab muaj hluav taws xob tsawg ntawm nws cov kua theem. Cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov khoom theem yuav txawv raws li muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Qhov txawv ntawm Molecular Solid thiab Covalent Network Khoom yog dab tsi?
Molecular solids thiab covalent network solids yog ob hom khoom sib txuas. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv molecular thiab covalent network khoom yog cov khoom siv molecular vim yog kev ua ntawm Van der Waal rog thaum covalent network cov ntaub ntawv vim yog kev ua ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds. Thaum xav txog lawv cov khoom, molecular solids yog cov khoom muag muag, thaum covalent network solids nyuaj heev.
Ntxiv mus, cov khoom molecular muaj cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg, thaum covalent network solids muaj cov ntsiab lus melting siab heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khib nyiab molecular yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum covalent network cov khib nyiab muaj hluav taws xob tsawg ntawm cov kua hauv lub xeev thiab cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov khoom yuav txawv raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov dej khov nab kuab yog ib qho piv txwv zoo rau cov khib nyiab molecular, thaum pob zeb diamond yog qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm covalent network solid.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom molecular thiab covalent network solid.
Summary – Molecular Solid vs Covalent Network Khoom
Molecular solids thiab covalent network solids yog ob hom khoom sib txuas. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv molecular thiab covalent network cov khoom yog cov khoom siv molecular vim yog kev ua ntawm Van der Waal rog whereas covalent network cov ntaub ntawv vim yog kev ua ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds.
