Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Methanoic Acid vs Ethanoic Acid
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm methanoic acid thiab ethanoic acid yog tias methanoic acid muaj cov hydrogen atom sib txuas rau cov carboxylic functional pawg whereas ethanoic acid muaj cov methyl pawg sib txuas rau pawg carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acid pawg muaj cov tshuaj formula -COOH. Nyob ntawd, cov pa roj carbon atom yog sib txuas rau ib qho oxygen atom ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab rau ib pawg hydroxyl (-OH) ntawm ib daim ntawv cog lus. Methanoic acid thiab ethanoic acid yog cov qauv yooj yim ntawm carboxylic acids.
Methanoic Acid yog dab tsi?
Methanoic acid, tseem hu ua formic acid, yog qhov yooj yim carboxylic acid uas muaj cov carboxylic acid pawg sib txuas rau hydrogen atom. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm no compound yog HCOOH. Cov molar mass ntawm no compound yog 46 g / mol. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, methanoic acid yog cov kua xim tsis muaj xim nrog cov ntxhiab tsw. Lub melting point yog 8.4 ° C thiab lub boiling point yog 100.8 ° C.
Methanoic acid yog miscible nrog dej thiab polar solvents vim nws yog ib tug polar compound. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov hydrogen bonds nrog dej molecules vim yog -OH pawg muaj nyob rau hauv cov molecule no. Methanoic acid molecules tsim dimers (tuaj yeem tsim ob daim ntawv cog lus hydrogen ntawm ob lub methanoic acid molecules) nyob rau hauv nws cov theem vapor es tsis yog ib tus neeg molecules.
Daim duab 01: Methanoic Acid Dimers
Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj methanoic acid;
- Hydrolysis ntawm methyl formate
- Raws li cov khoom lag luam los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj chemical (ex: acetic acid ntau lawm)
- Hydrogenation ntawm CO2 rau hauv formic acid
Ethanoic Acid yog dab tsi?
Ethanoic acid, tseem hu ua acetic acid, yog qhov yooj yim thib ob carboxylic acid uas muaj cov carboxylic acid pawg sib txuas rau pawg methyl. Ib pawg methyl muaj cov tshuaj formula –CH3 Yog li, cov tshuaj formula ntawm ethanoic acid yog CH3COOH. Cov molar loj ntawm cov tshuaj no yog 60 g / mol. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws yog ib tug tsis muaj kob kua nrog ib tug vinegar zoo li tsw. Lub melting point ntawm ethanoic acid yog 16.5 ° C thiab lub boiling point yog 118 ° C.
Ethanoic acid yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog vim tias nws cuam tshuam ib nrab hauv cov kua dej. Txawm li cas los xij, concentrated acid yog corrosive thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij raug mob. Cov pab pawg carboxylic acid ntawm ethanoic acid tuaj yeem tso nws cov proton, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov kua qaub ntawm cov kua qaub no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog monoprotic acid vim tias nws tsuas tuaj yeem tso tawm ib qho proton ib molecule. Thaum ib tug proton raug tso tawm, lub conjugate puag ntawm cov kua qaub no hu ua acetate (-COO–).
Daim duab 02: Cov Qauv Tshuaj ntawm Ethanoic Acid
Ethanoic acid yog tsim los ntawm methanol carbonylation. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, methanol thiab carbon monoxide reacted ib leeg nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug catalyst. Lwm txoj kev qub ntawm acetic acid ntau lawm yog acetaldehyde oxidation.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Methanoic Acid thiab Ethanoic Acid?
- Ob leeg methanoic acid thiab ethanoic acid compounds muaj carboxylic acid pawg.
- Ob cov kua qaub muaj peev xwm tsim tau hydrogen bonds.
- Ob leeg yog cov kua tsis muaj xim ntawm chav tsev kub nrog cov ntxhiab tsw.
Qhov txawv ntawm Methanoic Acid thiab Ethanoic Acid yog dab tsi?
Methanoic Acid vs Ethanoic Acid |
|
| Methanoic acid, tseem hu ua formic acid, yog qhov yooj yim carboxylic acid uas muaj cov carboxylic acid pawg sib txuas rau hydrogen atom. | Ethanoic acid, tseem hu ua acetic acid, yog qhov yooj yim thib ob carboxylic acid uas muaj cov carboxylic acid pawg sib koom ua ke rau pawg methyl. |
| khoom | |
| Muaj cov carboxylic acid pawg sib txuas rau hydrogen atom. | Muaj cov carboxylic acid pawg sib txuas rau ib pawg methyl. |
| tshuaj formula | |
| Cov tshuaj formula yog HCOOH. | Cov tshuaj formula yog CH3COOH. |
| Molar Mass | |
| Cov molar mass yog 46 g / mol. | YCov molar mass yog 60 g/mol. |
| Lub ntsiab lus melting yog 8.4 ° C thiab kub taw tes yog 100.8 ° C. | Lub ntsiab lus melting yog 16.5 ° C thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov kub yog 118 ° C. |
Summary – Methanoic Acid vs Ethanoic Acid
Carboxylic acids yog cov organic tebchaw muaj -COOH pawg. Methanoic acid thiab ethanoic acid yog cov qauv yooj yim ntawm carboxylic acids. Qhov sib txawv ntawm methanoic acid thiab ethanoic acid yog tias methanoic acid muaj hydrogen atom sib koom ua ke rau carboxylic functional pab pawg whereas ethanoic acid muaj ib pawg methyl bonded rau ib pawg carboxylic acid.
