Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm haploid thiab diploid yog tias haploid yog lub xeev uas muaj ib nrab ntawm cov chromosomes li niaj zaus thaum diploid yog lub xeev uas muaj cov chromosomes li niaj zaus hauv genome ntawm ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes.
Lub voj voog ntawm tes yog cov xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho kev faib ntawm tes mus rau qhov kev faib ntawm tes tom ntej. Prokaryotic cell voj voog muaj 3 theem. Kev loj hlob ntawm tes yog thawj kauj ruam, qhov twg lub xov tooj ntawm tes muab ob npaug rau nws qhov loj. Nuclear faib yog kauj ruam tom ntej uas cov khoom siv nuclear faib ua ob los ntawm kev faib yooj yim. Cov kauj ruam kawg yog kev faib cell, uas lub cytoplasm faib thiab tsim ob lub hlwb. Lub voj voog ntawm eukaryotic cell muaj 5 theem: G1, S, G2, M thiab C. Thawj peb theem G1, S, thiab G2 tuaj nyob rau hauv interphase. Kev loj hlob ntawm tes thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv cellular tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm interphase. M stands rau nuclear division thaum C stands rau cytokinesis. Cytokinesis yog cov txheej txheem tiag tiag uas tsim cov menyuam ntxhais. Ploidy theem tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv cov hlwb uas tshwm sim. Yog li, lawv tuaj yeem ua haploid (n) lossis diploid (2n) hauv eukaryotes.
Haploid yog dab tsi?
Ib lub cell haploid tsuas muaj ib pawg chromosomes xwb. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias; nws muaj ib nrab ntawm cov chromosomes li niaj zaus hauv ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes. Meiosis yog hom kev faib cell uas tsim cov hlwb haploid. Thaum lub sij hawm meiosis, tus ntxhais hlwb tau txais tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov chromosomes nyob rau hauv ib lub cell diploid. Zoo ib yam li mitosis, DNA replication nyob rau hauv meiosis kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv niam txiv cell thaum lub sij hawm interphase. Tom qab ntawd, ob lub voj voog ntawm nuclear kev faib tawm thiab kev faib cell yuav tshwm sim. Tom qab tag nrho cov txheej txheem, ib lub cell diploid nce mus rau plaub lub hlwb haploid.
Daim duab 01: Haploid thiab Diploid States
Haploid hlwb tseem ceeb heev rau kev sib deev. Thaum lub sij hawm fertilization, ob lub nuclei ntawm ob gametes fuse nrog ib leeg. Txij li txhua gamete tsuas muaj ib pawg ntawm chromosomes, qhov tshwm sim zygote yuav tsuas muaj ob pawg ntawm chromosomes. Vim li no, lub zygote ua diploid. Yog tias gametes tsis yog haploid hlwb, qhov tshwm sim zygote yuav muaj plaub pawg ntawm chromosomes.
Diploid yog dab tsi?
Ib lub cell diploid muaj ob pawg ntawm chromosomes: ib tug yog niam thaum lwm tus yog leej txiv. Mitosis yog hom kev faib cell uas tsim cov hlwb diploid. Thaum lub sij hawm mitosis, niam txiv nucleus muab faib ua ob tug ntxhais nuclei, uas yog genetic tib yam. Li no, txhua tus ntxhais nucleus tau txais tib tus lej ntawm chromosomes raws li niam txiv nucleus. Tom qab kev faib ntawm cov nucleus, tag nrho cov cell faib. Txij li cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua yam tsis muaj qhov yuam kev, tag nrho cov chromosomes replicate thaum lub sij hawm interphase. Tom qab ntawd tus muam chromatids cais mus rau hauv txhua tus ncej ntawm lub cell thaum lub sij hawm mitosis.
Daim duab 02: Kev tsim cov Diploid Cells
Diploid hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm caj ces ntawm cov kab mob diploid. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov menyuam ntxhais no yog cov caj ces zoo tib yam rau niam txiv cell. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv nqa tib tus lej ntawm chromosomes raws li niam txiv cell. Nws yog txoj hauv kev yuav ua li cas lawv ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thaum lub sijhawm qub txeeg qub teg. Kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev tshwm sim vim qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov hlwb diploid. Yog li, qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov multicellular kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlwb tsis tu ncua tuag, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau hloov. Thiab, nws tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm cov hlwb diploid xwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee tus tsiaj rov tsim lawv lub cev. Nws kuj yog ua tau tsuas yog los ntawm kev tsim ntawm ntau lub hlwb diploid.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Haploid thiab Diploid?
- Haploid thiab diploid yog ob lub xeev uas piav txog cov chromosomes hauv ib lub xovtooj.
- Kev tsim cov hlwb haploid thiab diploid tshwm sim ntawm kev faib cell.
- Tsis tas li, ob hom hlwb tseem ceeb rau cov kab mob rau lawv txoj sia nyob thiab nyob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Haploid thiab Diploid yog dab tsi?
Haploid thiab diploid yog ob theem ploidy pom hauv hlwb. Haploid hlwb yog cov hlwb uas tsuas muaj ib pawg chromosomes, thaum lub hlwb diploid yog cov hlwb uas muaj ob pawg chromosomes. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm haploid thiab diploid. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm haploid thiab diploid yog lawv tsim. Tsim cov hlwb haploid tshwm sim los ntawm meiosis, thaum tsim cov hlwb diploid tshwm sim los ntawm mitosis.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm haploid thiab diploid yog tias cov hlwb haploid tsuas muaj ib nrab ntawm cov chromosomes li niam txiv ntawm tes, thaum lub hlwb diploid muaj tib tus lej ntawm chromosomes li niam txiv cell. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlwb haploid tsis yog genetic zoo tib yam rau niam txiv cell, thaum lub hlwb diploid yog genetically zoo tib yam rau niam txiv cell. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho sib txawv ntawm haploid thiab diploid yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua hom cell. Haploid hlwb tseem ceeb hauv kev sib deev, thaum lub hlwb diploid tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob, asexual reproduction thiab genetic stability.
Summary – Haploid vs Diploid
Ib lub cell haploid muaj ib nrab ntawm cov chromosomes ib txwm. Yog li, nws muaj 'n' tus lej ntawm chromosomes. Ib lub cell diploid muaj pes tsawg tus chromosomes li niaj zaus. Yog li, nws muaj '2n' tus lej ntawm chromosomes. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm haploid thiab diploid. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlwb haploid yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib deev kev sib deev, thaum lub hlwb diploid tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib deev thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm caj ces. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm haploid thiab diploid.
