Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm QTL thiab GWAS tso siab rau hom kev sib txuas uas siv hauv kev tshuaj xyuas. QTL siv linkage gene loci los soj ntsuam phenotypic zoo txuam nrog polygenic qub txeeg qub teg thaum GWAS siv tag nrho cov genome sequences los soj ntsuam ib nucleotide polymorphisms ntawm ib tug mob.
QTL daim duab qhia thiab GWAS ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic analyses rau qhov sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas ntau yam kab mob uas tsis paub aetiology. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib txuas ua ke plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ob txoj kev. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog rau lwm cov txheej txheem siab dhau los ua kom muaj qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb.
QTL yog dab tsi?
QTL stands rau Quantitative Trait Locus. Nws yog ib cheeb tsam ntawm DNA txuam nrog phenotypic zoo. Feem ntau, QTL ua rau muaj cov teebmeem polygenic. Kev faib tawm ntawm QTLs txawv, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm QTLs qhia txog qib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho phenotypic zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv feem ntau yog cov cai rau kev ua tsis tu ncua thiab tsis sib cais qhov zoo.
Raws li kev txheeb xyuas cov cheeb tsam QTL, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li ib cheeb tsam QTL. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau ua kom kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tshawb fawb yooj yim, kev sib sau thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv ua ntu zus ntawm cov cheeb tsam QTL feem ntau tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm bioinformatics. Peb hu cov txheej txheem no QTL mapping. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv tsim nrog QTL thaj tsam ib ntus.
Daim duab 01: QTL Scan
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntawv thov ntawm QTL cov kab ke vam khom feem ntau ntawm BLAST cov cuab yeej, qhov twg cov kab ke sib xws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv deducing kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab qhov nyuaj ntawm ib qho polygenic phenotype. Nws kuj txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb.
Tam sim no, QTL kev tshuaj xyuas tau ua ke nrog lwm cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm siab zoo li DNA microarrays. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam ntawm phenotype. Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txaus siab los tsim QTL database txij li QTL cheeb tsam yog lub luag haujlwm rau ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau hom.
GWAS yog dab tsi?
GWAS sawv rau Genome Wide Association Study. Nws kuj hais txog tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb genome koom haum. Cov kev tshawb fawb no tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam. Nws txheeb xyuas cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov tib neeg sib txawv feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho cov genome tseem ceeb rau GWAS tsom xam.
Figure 02: GWAS
GWAS yog lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ib leeg nucleotide polymorphisms cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam kab mob. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb sib piv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ib leeg nucleotide polymorphisms thoob plaws cov pejxeem. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv kawm ntawm GWAS yog siab heev; yog li ntawd, nws kuj yuav siv cov qauv ntawm txoj kev kawm hla ntu ntu.
Tsis tas li ntawd, thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb GWAS tau tshwm sim hais txog myocardial infarction thiab tshuaj xyuas cov noob cuam tshuam nrog myocardial infarction. Tam sim no, GWAS ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab keeb kwm ntawm caj ces ntawm cov kab mob nyuaj uas tsis paub txog aetiology.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm QTL thiab GWAS?
- Lawv vam khom cov ntaub ntawv DNA ua ntu zus rau kev tshuaj ntsuam.
- Ob leeg yog txuam nrog keeb kwm caj ces ntawm ntau yam cim.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv xav tau cov cuab yeej bioinformatics los txiav txim siab thiab txhais cov txiaj ntsig.
- Lawv tau ua tiav ntawm cov neeg coob.
Qhov txawv ntawm QTL thiab GWAS yog dab tsi?
QTL tshuaj xyuas cov phenotypic yam ntxwv cuam tshuam nrog polygenic qub txeeg qub teg siv txuas cov noob loci thaum GWAS tshuaj xyuas ib leeg nucleotide polymorphisms ntawm ib qho mob uas siv tag nrho cov genome sequences. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm QTL thiab GWAS. QTL mapping yog qhov sib piv cov txheej txheem tsawg dua li GWAS vim nws xav tau tag nrho genome sequencing.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm QTL thiab GWAS hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Summary – QTL vs GWAS
QTL mapping thiab GWAS ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab keeb kwm ntawm caj ces ntawm ntau yam phenotypic. Lawv kuj pab hauv kev txheeb xyuas keeb kwm ntawm caj ces ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv. QTL daim ntawv qhia daim ntawv qhia cov noob caj noob ces lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li, thiab tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov noob caj noob ces polygenic. GWAS, ntawm qhov tod tes, yuav siv qhov chaw nrog tag nrho genome tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau ib leeg nucleotide polymorphisms. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no tshwm sim thoob plaws cov neeg coob coob. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm QTL thiab GWAS.
