Qhov txawv ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics

Cov txheej txheem:

Qhov txawv ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics
Qhov txawv ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics
Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Zaj Tshoob and Txiv Xaiv 2024, Lub Xya hli ntuj
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Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm phenetics thiab cladistics yog txoj kev siv hauv kev faib cov kab mob. Phenetics faib cov kab mob raws li morphological thiab cov yam ntxwv thaum cladistics faib cov kab mob raws li lawv caj ces thiab kev sib raug zoo.

Kev faib cov kab mob yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog biodiversity thiab biological sciences. Taxonomy pab txhawb kev faib tawm ntawm ntau lub tshuab thaum pab pawg thiab pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob. Hauv qhov no, phenetics thiab cladistics ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob.

YPhenetics yog dab tsi?

Phenetics yog thaj chaw ntawm kev kawm uas faib cov kab mob raws li lawv qhov zoo sib xws. Nws tuaj yeem suav nrog kev faib cov kab mob raws li lawv cov qauv, morphology thiab lwm yam zoo uas pom tau. Phenetics disregards evolutionary kev sib raug zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib cov kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, phenetics suav nrog kev siv ntau yam txuj ci txhawm rau tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob. Clustering thiab ordination yog ob txoj hauv kev uas cov kab mob tau txais kev faib tawm phenetic.

Lub sijhawm phenetic kev faib tawm, pawg lossis kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim raws li phenotypes uas tuaj yeem pom los ntawm taxonomist lossis tus kws tshawb fawb. Yog li ntawd, kaum ob lub cim raug tshuaj xyuas ua ntej pawg kab mob. Tom qab ntawd qhov sawv cev ntawm cov cim no siv cov duab kos. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kab mob.

Lub ntsiab drawback ntawm phonetics yog tias muaj peev xwm txhais tau cov kab mob mus rau hauv cov pab pawg raws li lub cev pom cov cim xwb. Qhov no tuaj yeem muab cov txiaj ntsig tsis tseeb thaum lub sijhawm kev sib koom ua ke classical. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev faib tawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ua pab pawg kom raug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub ntawv phylogenetic ntawm cov kab mob.

Cladistics yog dab tsi?

Cladistics yog thaj chaw kawm uas faib cov kab mob raws li lawv caj ces. Yog li, cladistics txiav txim siab txog kev sib raug zoo evolutionary. Hauv cladistics, feem ntau cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis ntev los no ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev faib cov kab mob ntawd. Yog li ntawd, cladistics nyob ntawm evolutionary kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob vim qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv evolutionary qauv.

Hauv kev tsim cov kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab mob raws li cladistics, siv cladogram. Lub cladogram yog ib tsob ntoo zoo li daim duab. Thaum pib, thaum lub sij hawm tiam ntawm cladograms, lub cev thiab morphological yam ntxwv tau siv. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no, cladistics nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiab phylogeny. Yog li ntawd, cladograms kuj tseem hu ua phylogenetic ntoo tam sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd, tam sim no, cladistics siv cov ntaub ntawv morphological, evolutionary thiab phylogenetic hauv kev faib tawm.

Qhov txawv ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics
Qhov txawv ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics

Daim duab 02: Cladogram

Cov ceg ntawm cladograms txhais ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib xws ntawm cov kab mob thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov tseeb ntawm kev faib cov kab mob raws li cladistics yog qhov tseeb dua thiab ua tau zoo. Bioinformatics plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cladistics, nce qhov tseeb thiab kev lees paub ntawm cov txiaj ntsig.

Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics?

  • Phenetics thiab cladistics yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cov kab mob.
  • Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sau se ntawm cov kab mob.

Qhov txawv ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics yog dab tsi?

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov tooj thiab cladistics yog nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv txhua txoj hauv kev txiav txim siab hauv kev faib tawm. Yog li, phenetics txiav txim siab tsuas yog cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm morphological, thaum cladistics suav tias yog cov cim hloov pauv thiab poj koob yawm txwv. Vim li no, qhov raug thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm ob txoj kev kuj sib txawv. Ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem pawg kuj txawv ntawm ob txoj hauv kev.

Cov hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm phenetics thiab cladistics.

Qhov txawv ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics - Tabular Form
Qhov txawv ntawm Phenetics thiab Cladistics - Tabular Form

Summary – Phenetics vs Cladistics

Phenetics thiab cladistics ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev faib cov kab mob. Taxonomists siv ob txoj hauv kev los faib cov kab mob mus rau hauv pawg, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm phenetics thiab cladistics yog nyob ntawm kev siv cov evolutionary kev sib raug zoo. Thaum phenetics tsis coj evolutionary kev sib raug zoo thiab poj koob yawm txwv rau hauv kev xav, cladistics txiav txim siab ob qho tib si. Yog li, qhov tseeb ntawm cladistics yog ntau dua qhov tseeb ntawm phenetics hauv kev faib cov kab mob.

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