Qhov txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab Ionization Zog

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Qhov txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab Ionization Zog
Qhov txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab Ionization Zog

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab Ionization Zog

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab Ionization Zog
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Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electronegativity thiab ionization zog yog tias electronegativity piav qhia qhov kev nyiam ntawm electrons thaum lub zog ionization hais txog kev tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub atom.

Atoms yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm tag nrho cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm. Lawv me me heev uas peb tsis tuaj yeem saib lawv nrog peb qhov muag liab qab. Lub atom muaj ib tug nucleus, uas muaj protons thiab neutrons. Ntxiv nrog rau cov neutrons thiab positrons, muaj lwm yam me me subatomic hais nyob rau hauv lub nucleus, thiab muaj electrons ncig ncig lub nucleus hauv orbitals. Vim muaj cov protons, atomic nuclei muaj cov nqi zoo. Cov electrons nyob rau sab nraud muaj qhov tsis zoo. Li no, lub zog txaus nyiam ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub atom tuav nws cov qauv.

Electronegativity yog dab tsi?

Electronegativity yog qhov nyiam ntawm lub atom los nyiam cov electrons hauv daim ntawv cog lus rau nws. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov no qhia txog kev nyiam ntawm ib lub atom ntawm cov electrons. Peb feem ntau siv Pauling nplai los qhia cov electronegativity ntawm cov khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, electronegativity hloov raws li ib tug qauv. Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis ntawm ib lub sij hawm, electronegativity nce, thiab los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab ntawm ib pawg, electronegativity txo. Yog li, fluorine yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws nrog tus nqi ntawm 4.0 ntawm Pauling nplai. Pawg ib thiab ob lub ntsiab muaj tsawg electronegativity; Yog li, lawv zoo li tsim cov ions zoo los ntawm kev muab cov electrons. Txij li thaum pawg 5, 6, 7 cov ntsiab lus muaj cov txiaj ntsig electronegativity ntau dua, lawv nyiam coj cov electrons hauv thiab los ntawm cov ions tsis zoo.

Qhov txawv tseem ceeb - Electronegativity vs Ionization Zog
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb - Electronegativity vs Ionization Zog

Daim duab 01: Electronegativity Raws li Pauling Scale

Electronegativity kuj tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv cog lus. Yog hais tias ob lub atoms nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus tsis muaj electronegativity sib txawv, ces ib tug ntshiab covalent daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsim. Ntxiv mus, yog tias qhov sib txawv electronegativity ntawm ob yog siab, ces ib qho ionic bond yuav yog qhov tshwm sim. Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis, daim ntawv cog lus cog lus yuav tsim.

Ionization Zog yog dab tsi?

Ionization zog yog lub zog uas yuav tsum tau muab rau lub atom nruab nrab kom tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob tawm ntawm nws. Kev tshem tawm ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob txhais tau tias tshem tawm nws qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov tsiaj kom tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab cov nucleus (kev tshem tawm tag nrho).

Peb tuaj yeem hu ua lub zog ionization ua thawj lub zog ionization, lub zog thib ob ionization thiab lwm yam, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus electrons tshem tawm ntawm lub atom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov no yuav ua rau cations nrog +1, +2, +3 nqi, thiab lwm yam.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab Ionization Zog
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab Ionization Zog

Daim duab 1: Ionization Zog Trends rau Thawj Ionization hauv Txhua Lub Sijhawm ntawm Lub Sijhawm Sijhawm

Hauv cov atom me, lub vojvoog atomic me me. Yog li ntawd, electrostatic attraction rog ntawm electron thiab neutron yog ntau dua piv rau atom nrog ib tug loj atomic radius. Nws tsub kom lub zog ionization ntawm ib tug me me atom. Yog hais tias lub electron nyob ze rau lub nucleus, lub zog ionization yuav siab dua.

Ntxiv mus, thawj lub zog ionization ntawm cov atom sib txawv kuj txawv. Piv txwv li, thawj lub zog ionization ntawm sodium (496 kJ / mol) qis dua thawj lub zog ionization ntawm chlorine (1256 kJ / mol). Nws yog vim hais tias los ntawm kev tshem tawm ib qho hluav taws xob, sodium tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom siv roj zoo; yog li ntawd, nws yooj yim tshem tawm cov electron. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov atomic nrug tsawg dua hauv sodium dua li cov tshuaj chlorine, uas txo cov ionization zog. Yog li ntawd, ionization zog nce los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis nyob rau hauv ib kab thiab hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj nyob rau hauv ib kem ntawm lub periodic rooj (qhov no yog inverse ntawm atomic loj nce nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj). Thaum tshem tawm cov electrons, muaj qee qhov xwm txheej uas cov atoms tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov. Lub sijhawm no, ionization energies yuav dhia mus rau hauv tus nqi siab dua.

Qhov txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab Ionization Zog?

Electronegativity yog qhov nyiam ntawm ib lub atom los nyiam cov electrons hauv daim ntawv cog lus rau nws thaum lub zog ionization yog lub zog nruab nrab atom xav tau tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm nws. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electronegativity thiab ionization zog yog tias electronegativity piav qhia qhov kev nyiam ntawm electrons thaum lub zog ionization hais txog kev tshem tawm ntawm electrons los ntawm atom.

Ntxiv mus, muaj lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electronegativity thiab ionization zog raws li lawv cov kev xav hauv lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Electronegativity nce los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis ntawm ib lub sijhawm thiab txo qis rau saum toj mus rau hauv qab ntawm ib pab pawg. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog ionization nce los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis nyob rau hauv kab thiab hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj nyob rau hauv ib kem ntawm lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, cov atoms tau txais kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ruaj khov, thiab yog li, ionization energies yuav dhia mus rau hauv tus nqi siab dua.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab Ionization Zog hauv Tabular Daim Ntawv
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Electronegativity thiab Ionization Zog hauv Tabular Daim Ntawv

Summary – Electronegativity vs Ionization Zog

Cov ntsiab lus electronegativity thiab ionization zog piav qhia kev cuam tshuam ntawm atomic nuclei thiab electrons. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electronegativity thiab ionization zog yog tias electronegativity piav qhia txog kev nyiam ntawm electrons thaum lub zog ionization hais txog kev tshem tawm ntawm electrons los ntawm atom.

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