Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm atoms thiab hais yog tias atoms yog me me ua los ntawm ob peb hais, whereas particles yog feeb feem ntawm teeb meem.
Ib atom yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov teeb meem. Yav dhau los, tib neeg xav tias lub atom yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws uas muaj nyob thiab peb tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem nws ntxiv. Tab sis raws li kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, lub atom yog tsim los ntawm ntau qhov me me hu ua subatomic particles. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus hais nyob rau hauv chemistry yog hais txog ib qho khoom me me uas muaj lub cev xws li ntim, ntom thiab loj.
Atoms yog dab tsi?
Atoms yog qhov me tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem muaj nyob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov teeb meem, thiab ib qho atom sawv cev rau cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj uas nws belongs. Tag nrho cov pa roj, cov khoom siv, cov kua thiab cov plasma muaj cov atoms. Cov no yog cov feeb feeb; feem ntau qhov loj yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 100 picometers.
Thaum xav txog cov qauv ntawm ib lub atom, nws muaj cov nucleus thiab electrons txav ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus. Lub atomic nucleus yog tsim los ntawm protons thiab neutrons (thiab muaj qee qhov subatomic hais ib yam nkaus). Feem ntau, tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons, protons thiab electrons yog sib npaug, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm isotopes, tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons txawv ntawm cov protons. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 99% ntawm lub atom qhov loj yog nyob rau hauv lub nucleus vim hais tias qhov loj ntawm ib tug electron yuav luag negligible. Ntawm cov subatomic hais, ib tug proton muaj +1 nqi, thiab ib tug electron muaj -1 nqi thaum neutron tsis muaj nqi. Yog hais tias lub atom muaj cov zauv sib npaug ntawm protons thiab electrons, ces tag nrho cov nqi ntawm atom yog xoom; Tsis muaj ib qho hluav taws xob ua rau +1 tus nqi thiab nce ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob muab -1 nqi rau lub atom.
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv dav dav ntawm lub Atom
Tus naj npawb ntawm protons hauv lub atom txiav txim siab cov tshuaj uas lub atom belongs. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias; ib qho tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg tus protons hauv lawv cov atoms.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov atoms koom nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm kev nce, tshem tawm lossis sib koom lawv cov electrons nyob rau sab nraud. Kev tsim cov tshuaj bonds ua rau tsim cov tshuaj sib txuas lossis cov molecules. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv qhov tshwm sim vim muaj peev xwm ntawm cov atoms mus koom thiab dissociate.
Particle yog dab tsi?
Ib tug particle yog ib feeb ntawm qhov teeb meem. Nws yog ib qho khoom me me uas muaj cov khoom xws li qhov loj, ntim thiab ntom. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov khoom yuav txawv ntawm subatomic hais xws li electrons mus rau microscopic hais xws li molecules thiab txawm mus rau macroscopic hais, i.e. Khoom siv granular.
Daim duab 02: Hmoov muaj cov khoom siv macroscopic
Feem ntau, peb siv lo lus hais rau peb qhov loj me; macroscopic, microscopic thiab subatomic hais. Macroscopic hais yog loj dua atoms thiab molecules thiab pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Piv txwv xws li hmoov av thiab hmoov av. Cov kab mob microscopic tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab tab sis pom los ntawm microscopes. Nws feem ntau suav nrog cov hais nrog qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm atoms mus rau molecules. Piv txwv li nanoparticles thiab colloidal hais. Subatomic hais yog cov khoom nyob rau hauv atoms: protons, neutrons, electrons, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Atoms thiab hais dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov atoms thiab cov khoom yog tias atoms yog cov me me uas muaj ob peb cov khoom, whereas particles yog feeb ntawm cov teeb meem. Muaj peb hom particles xws li macroscopic, microscopic thiab subatomic hais. Thaum xav txog ntau hom atoms, lawv muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv nyob ntawm tus lej atomic. Qhov loj ntawm ib lub atom yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 100 picometers thaum qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib tug particle txawv ntawm subatomic particle mus rau macroscopic hais.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov atoms thiab cov khoom hauv daim ntawv.
Summary – Atoms vs Particles
Atoms yog me me ntawm cov teeb meem uas muaj ob peb hais; Peb hu lawv subatomic hais. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus particle hais txog txhua yam khoom me me. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm atoms thiab hais tias atoms yog me me ua los ntawm ob peb hais, whereas particles yog feeb ib feem ntawm cov teeb meem.
