Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus thiab ionic daim ntawv cog lus yog tias ionic bonding muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov anions mus tas li thiab cations, whereas hydrogen bonds muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm ib feem zoo thiab ib nrab tsis zoo nqi.
Tshuaj tua kab tuav cov atom thiab molecules ua ke. Bonds yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab txog tshuaj thiab lub cev tus cwj pwm ntawm molecules thiab atoms. Raws li tau hais los ntawm American chemist G. N. Lewis, atoms ruaj khov thaum lawv muaj yim electrons hauv lawv lub plhaub valence. Feem ntau cov atoms muaj tsawg tshaj li yim electrons nyob rau hauv lawv valence shells (tshwj tsis yog cov noble gases nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg 18 ntawm lub periodic rooj); yog li ntawd, lawv tsis ruaj khov. Cov atoms no zoo li ua rau ib leeg ua kom ruaj khov. Yog li, txhua lub atom tuaj yeem ua tiav cov roj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob zoo. Ionic bonds yog ib daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj, uas txuas cov atoms hauv cov tshuaj sib txuas. Hydrogen bonds yog qhov chaw sib txuas ntawm cov molecules.
Hydrogen Bond yog dab tsi?
Thaum hydrogen txuas rau lub atom electronegative zoo li fluorine, oxygen lossis nitrogen, nws yuav tsim kev sib txuas ntawm cov polar. Vim electronegativity, cov electrons nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus tau txais attracted rau lub electronegative atom ntau tshaj rau hydrogen atom. Yog li ntawd, hydrogen atom yuav tau txais ib feem zoo nqi, whereas ntau electronegative atom yuav tau txais ib feem tsis zoo nqi. Thaum ob lub molecules uas muaj qhov sib cais ntawm cov nqi no nyob ze, lub zog attraction nce ntawm hydrogen thiab cov atom tsis zoo. Peb hu qhov no hydrogen bonding.
Hydrogen bonds kuj muaj zog dua li lwm yam kev sib cuam tshuam dipole, thiab lawv txiav txim siab tus cwj pwm molecular. Piv txwv li, dej molecules muaj intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Ib qho dej molecule tuaj yeem tsim plaub hydrogen bonds nrog rau lwm cov dej molecule. Txij li cov pa oxygen muaj ob leeg ib leeg, nws tuaj yeem tsim ob daim ntawv cog lus hydrogen nrog cov khoom siv zoo hydrogen. Tom qab ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hu rau ob lub molecules dej ua lub dimer. Txhua cov dej molecule tuaj yeem khi nrog plaub lwm cov molecules vim muaj peev xwm sib txuas ntawm hydrogen. Nws ua rau muaj qhov kub siab dua rau cov dej, txawm tias cov dej molecule muaj qhov hnyav molecular. Yog li ntawd, lub zog xav tau los rhuav tshem cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen thaum lawv mus rau theem gaseous siab.
Daim duab 01: Hydrogen Bonds Ntawm Dej Molecules
Tsis tas li ntawd, hydrogen bonds txiav txim siab cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov dej khov. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov dej khov nab kuab pab kom nws ntab rau hauv dej; yog li ntawd, tiv thaiv cov dej nyob hauv lub caij ntuj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, hydrogen bonding plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov kab ke lom neeg. Cov qauv peb-dimensional ntawm cov protein thiab DNA tsuas yog ua raws li hydrogen bonds. Ntxiv mus, hydrogen bonds tuaj yeem rhuav tshem los ntawm cov cua sov thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Ionic Bond yog dab tsi?
Atoms tuaj yeem nce lossis poob hluav taws xob thiab tsim cov khoom tsis zoo lossis qhov zoo, raws li. Cov khoom no hu ua ions. Muaj kev sib cuam tshuam electrostatic ntawm cov ions. Ionic bonding yog lub zog txaus nyiam ntawm cov ions oppositely them. Lub zog ntawm electrostatic kev sib cuam tshuam feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov atoms hauv daim ntawv cog lus ionic. Electronegativity muab kev ntsuas ntawm atoms 'affinity rau electrons. Ib lub atom uas muaj electronegativity siab tuaj yeem nyiam electrons los ntawm ib lub atom uas tsis tshua muaj electronegativity los tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic.
Daim duab 02: Tsim Ionic Bond hauv Sodium Chloride
Piv txwv li, sodium chloride muaj ionic bond ntawm sodium ion thiab chloride ion. Sodium yog hlau; Yog li ntawd, nws muaj tsawg heev electronegativity (0.9) piv rau Chlorine (3.0). Vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity no, chlorine tuaj yeem nyiam electron los ntawm Sodium thiab tsim Cl- thiab Na + ions. Vim li no, ob qho tib si atoms tau txais qhov ruaj khov, roj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob teeb tsa. Cl- thiab Na + tau tuav ua ke los ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj zog txaus nyiam heev, yog li tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hydrogen Bond thiab Ionic Bond yog dab tsi?
Hydrogen bonds yog cov kev sib tshuam hauv nruab nrab thaum cov ionic bonds yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo nkauj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus thiab ionic daim ntawv cog lus yog tias ionic bonding muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov anions mus tas li thiab cations, whereas hydrogen bonds muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov zoo thiab ib nrab nqi tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, ionic bonds muaj zog dua li hydrogen bonds.
Ntxiv mus, hydrogen bonds tshwm sim thaum muaj hydrogen atom thiab electronegative atom thaum ionic bonds tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau thiab nonmetal atom. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogen bond thiab ionic bond. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus thiab ionic daim ntawv cog lus yog tias cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen yooj yim tawg vim tias lawv yog cov intermolecular lossis intramolecular attraction rog, tab sis ionic bonds yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj zog uas nyuaj rau tawg..
Summary - Hydrogen Bond thiab Ionic Bond
Ionic daim ntawv cog lus tshwm sim hauv cov ionic compounds. Hydrogen bonds yog inter-molecular bonds. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus thiab ionic daim ntawv cog lus yog tias ionic bonding muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov anions mus tas li thiab cations, whereas hydrogen bonds muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov zoo thiab ib nrab nqi tsis zoo.
