Qhov txawv ntawm Valence thiab Core Electrons

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm valence thiab cov tub ntxhais electrons yog qhov valence electrons koom nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg tsim thaum cov tub ntxhais electrons tsis ua.

Atoms yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm tag nrho cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm. Lawv me me heev uas peb tsis tuaj yeem saib lawv nrog peb qhov muag liab qab. Feem ntau, cov atoms nyob hauv Angstrom ntau yam. Atom yog tsim los ntawm ib tug nucleus, uas muaj protons thiab neutrons. Muaj cov electrons ncig ncig lub nucleus hauv orbitals. Feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw hauv ib qho atom yog khoob. Lub zog txaus nyiam ntawm cov nucleus uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo (tus nqi zoo vim yog protons) thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo tswj lub atom lub cev. Electrons nyob hauv orbitals ua khub hauv atoms, thiab lawv muaj qhov sib txawv. Ntxiv mus, muaj ob hom electrons ua valence electrons thiab core electrons.

Valence Electrons yog dab tsi?

Valence electrons yog cov electrons nyob rau hauv ib qho atom uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg. Thaum cov chemical bonds tsim, ib lub atom tuaj yeem nce electrons, pub electrons, lossis faib cov electrons. Lub peev xwm pub dawb, nce, lossis faib cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm valence electrons lawv muaj. Piv txwv li, thaum ib qho H_{2 molecule raug tsim, ib lub atom hydrogen muab ib qho hluav taws xob rau cov nyiaj cog lus. Yog li, ob lub atoms faib ob lub electrons. Yog li ntawd, hydrogen atom muaj ib tug valence electron. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim ntawm sodium chloride, ib tug sodium atom muab ib tug electron, whereas ib tug chlorine atom siv ib tug electron. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sau ib octet nyob rau hauv lawv valence orbitals. Nyob ntawd, sodium tsuas muaj ib qho valence electron, thiab chlorine muaj xya. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev saib cov valence electrons, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm cov atoms.}

Daim duab 01: Sodium Atom muaj ib qho Valence Electron

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (pawg I, II, III, thiab lwm yam) muaj valence electrons nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud. Tus naj npawb ntawm valence electrons yog sib npaug rau lawv cov pab pawg neeg. Inert atoms tau ua tiav cov plhaub nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm valence electrons. Rau cov hlau hloov pauv, qee cov hluav taws xob sab hauv kuj ua raws li cov hluav taws xob valence. Tus naj npawb ntawm valence electrons tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev saib ntawm lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm lub atom. Piv txwv li, nitrogen muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm 1s²2s² 2p³ Cov electrons hauv 2 ^{nd plhaub (uas yog tus lej loj tshaj plaws ntawm tus lej hauv qhov no) raug coj los ua valence electrons. Yog li ntawd, nitrogen muaj tsib valence electrons. Ntxiv nrog rau kev koom tes hauv kev sib txuas, valence electrons yog vim li cas rau thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov khoom.}

Dab tsi yog Core Electrons?

Core electrons yog cov electrons uas tsis yog valence electrons ntawm lub atom. Txij li cov hluav taws xob no nyob ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm lub atom, cov tub ntxhais electrons tsis koom nrog kev tsim cov ntawv cog lus. Lawv nyob hauv lub plhaub sab hauv ntawm lub atom. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug nitrogen atom (1s² 2s² 2p^{3), tsib electrons tawm ntawm tag nrho xya yog valence electrons, whereas ob 1s electrons yog core electrons.}

Daim duab 02: Nitrogen muaj ob lub ntsiab Electrons

Ntxiv mus, lub zog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov tub ntxhais electron los ntawm lub atom yog siab tshaj lub zog xav tau rau valence electrons.

Qhov txawv ntawm Valence thiab Core Electrons yog dab tsi?

Ob qho tib si valence electrons thiab cov tub ntxhais electrons txav ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus ntawm ib lub atom. Valence electrons nyob ntawm sab nraud ntawm lub plhaub hluav taws xob thaum cov tub ntxhais electrons nyob ntawm cov plhaub sab hauv. Piv txwv li, ib tug nitrogen atom muaj 5 valence electrons thiab 2 core electrons raws li lub electron configuration; 1s² 2s² 2p^{3 Saum toj no, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm valence thiab core electrons yog valence electrons. koom nrog hauv kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis cov tub ntxhais electrons tsis ua.}

Ntxiv mus, lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm valence thiab core electrons yog lub zog xav tau kom tshem tawm cov tub ntxhais electrons siab heev thaum piv rau lub zog xav tau kom tshem tawm valence electrons.

Summary – Valence vs Core Electrons

Muaj ob hom electrons hauv ib lub atom li valence electrons thiab core electrons. Valence electrons nyob ntawm lub plhaub sab nraud thaum cov tub ntxhais electrons nyob hauv cov plhaub sab hauv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm valence thiab core electrons yog tias valence electrons koom nrog kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg thaum core electrons tsis.