Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm neutron thiab neutrino yog cov neutrons muaj qhov hnyav dua neutrinos.
Txawm hais tias yav dhau los cov kws tshawb fawb zoo li D alton xav tias atom yog lub tsev me tshaj plaws uas tsim cov khoom, lawv tom qab pom tias muaj ob peb lwm cov subatomic particles thiab. Electrons, protons, thiab neutrons yog lub ntsiab subatomic hais nyob rau hauv lub atom. Hauv cov qauv ntawm ib lub atom, cov kws tshawb fawb piav qhia tias tag nrho cov sub-particles tau teeb tsa hauv lub atom. Neutrons thiab neutrinos yog ob lub subatomic hais.
Neutron yog dab tsi?
Neutron yog ib qho subatomic particle uas nyob hauv lub nucleus ntawm lub atom. Peb qhia nws los ntawm n. Neutron tsis muaj nqi. Nws qhov hnyav yog 1.674927 × 10 −27 kg, uas yog me ntsis siab dua qhov loj ntawm ib qho proton. Lub nucleus ntawm lub atom kuj muaj cov protons, uas muaj cov nqi zoo. Yog hais tias tsuas muaj protons nyob rau hauv lub nuclei, lub repulsion ntawm cov no yuav siab dua. Yog li ntawd, lub xub ntiag ntawm neutrons yog ib qho tseem ceeb los khi cov protons ua ke nyob rau hauv lub nuclei.
Daim duab 1: Subatomic Particles ntawm Atoms
Ib lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem muaj ntau tus lej ntawm neutrons hauv lawv cov nuclei. Cov atoms, uas muaj cov lej zoo sib xws ntawm electrons lossis protons thiab cov neutrons sib txawv, yog isotopes. Piv txwv li, ntawm cov isotopes ntawm hydrogen, protium tsis muaj neutrons, thiab deuterium tsuas muaj ib tug neutron. Tritium nucleus muaj ob lub neutrons nrog ib tug proton.
Qee zaum, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neutrons tuaj yeem zoo ib yam li tus lej proton, tab sis qhov no tsis tas li. Peb hu cov neutrons thiab protons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus collectively li nucleons. Los ntawm saib tus lej atomic thiab cov lej loj ntawm ib lub caij, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons nws muaj.
Number of Neutrons=Mass Number – Atomic Number
Discovery ntawm Neutron
Rutherford thawj zaug piav txog cov neutron hauv xyoo 1920. Vim tias nws tsis muaj nqi, nws nyuaj rau nrhiav cov neutron. Tom qab ntawd, James Chadwick nrhiav tau lub neutron. Qhov kev sim uas ua rau kev tshawb pom yog kev sib tsoo beryllium hlau nrog alpha hais. Lawv pom tias, tom qab kev foob pob, tsis muaj ionizing, cov hluav taws xob nkag tau zoo heev tawm ntawm Beryllium. Thaum cov hluav taws xob no tau tso cai rau ntaus nrog paraffin wax thaiv, nws tsim protons.
Daim duab 02: Discovery of Neutron
Tom qab, lawv pom tias cov hluav taws xob tawm ntawm Beryllium muaj cov neutrons. Neutrons raug tso tawm los ntawm qhov tsis ruaj khov, hnyav nuclei, thiab lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam nuclear. Cov nuclei no ruaj khov los ntawm neutron emission, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv spontaneous fission. Tsis tas li ntawd, neutrons yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Neutrino yog dab tsi?
Neutrino yog ib qho subatomic particle nrog me me (zoo ib yam li electrons) thiab tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Txij li thaum tsis muaj hluav taws xob, neutrinos tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm hluav taws xob lossis sib nqus rog. Peb tuaj yeem txhais tau los ntawm tsab ntawv ѵ(nu).
Muaj peb hom neutrinos li electron neutrino, muon neutrino, thiab tau neutrino. Neutrino muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm ib nrab-tus lej. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau txiav txim siab cov khoom no ncaj qha vim lawv tsis nqa tus nqi, thiab tsis txhob ionize cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv hla dhau. Ntxiv mus, tam sim no detectors tsuas tuaj yeem ntes tau lub zog siab neutrinos.
Qhov txawv ntawm Neutron thiab Neutrino yog dab tsi?
Neutron yog ib qho subatomic particle uas nyob hauv lub nucleus ntawm lub atom. Whereas, neutrino yog ib qho subatomic particle nrog me me loj (zoo ib yam li electrons) thiab tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm neutron thiab neutrino yog cov neutrons muaj qhov loj dua neutrinos. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm neutron thiab neutrino yog cov neutrons zoo ib yam li cov protons hauv lawv cov huab hwm coj, tab sis cov neutrinos muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov electrons hauv lawv pawg. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si no tsis muaj nqi. Tsis tas li ntawd, neutrinos yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov neutrons tsis yog cov ntsiab lus.
Cov duab hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm neutron thiab neutrino.
Summary – Neutron vs Neutrino
Neutron yog ib qho subatomic particle uas nyob hauv lub nucleus ntawm lub atom thaum neutrino yog subatomic particle nrog ib qho me me (zoo ib yam li electrons) thiab tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm neutron thiab neutrino yog tias Neutrons muaj qhov hnyav dua li neutrinos.
