Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm mitochondrial DNA thiab chloroplast DNA yog tias mitochondrial DNA muaj nyob rau hauv mitochondria ntawm eukaryotic hlwb thaum chloroplast DNA muaj nyob rau hauv cov chloroplasts ntawm cov nroj tsuag hlwb.
Mitochondria thiab chloroplasts yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob eukaryotic. Mitochondria yog lub zog ntawm cov hlwb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, chloroplasts yog qhov chaw ntawm photosynthesis hauv cov nroj tsuag. Ob leeg mitochondria thiab chloroplasts ntseeg tau tias yog los ntawm cov hlwb prokaryotic mus rau eukaryotic hlwb los ntawm endosymbiosis. Ob lub organelles muaj lawv tus kheej DNA. Txawm hais tias cov DNA no tsis yog ib qho DNA ntawm cov cell thiab tsis tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cell, nws tseem ceeb rau qee yam ntawm lawv tus kheej cov khoom ntawm tes.
Mitochondrial DNA yog dab tsi?
Mitochondria yog ib qho ntawm cov cell organelles tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv eukaryotic hlwb. Qhov tseeb, lawv yog lub zog ntawm cov hlwb eukaryotic thaum lawv nqa tawm lub zog tsim khoom. Mitochondria yog ob chav membrane-bound organelles. Electron thauj saw tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub puab mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria muaj qee qhov DNA hauv lub cev. Thiab, DNA no tseem ceeb rau qee yam ntawm lawv cov khoom. Ntxiv mus, DNA nqa cov noob sib txawv tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov kab mob. Mitochondrial DNA yog ob-stranded ncig DNA tam sim no nyob rau hauv mitochondrial matrix. Tsis tas li ntawd, mtDNA yog ib lub ntsiab lus rau mitochondrial DNA. M. M. K. Nass thiab S. Nass nrhiav pom mtDNA ntawm electron microscopy.
Daim duab 01: Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA los ntawm niam mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog uniparentally inherited DNA. Tsis zoo li nuclear DNA, uas yog diploid, mtDNA nyob rau hauv ploidy xeev. Ib lub cell muaj ob peb mitochondria. Txhua mitochondrion muaj DNA. Yog li, mtDNA yog nyob rau hauv heteroplasmy xeev. Hauv kev sib piv rau nuclear DNA, mtDNA yog me me. Tib neeg mtDNA suav nrog 16, 569 lub hauv paus khub thiab muaj 37 cov noob coding rau tRNA, rRNA, thiab polypeptides. Tsis zoo li cov kab mob multicellular, cov kab mob unicellular muaj cov kab sib txuas mtDNA.
Chloroplast DNA yog dab tsi?
Chloroplast yog cov organelles ua cov photosynthesis hauv cov nroj tsuag. Cov organelles no muaj cov xim photosynthetic hu ua chlorophylls. Zoo ib yam li mitochondria, chloroplasts kuj muaj lawv tus kheej DNA (plastid DNA). Cov chloroplast DNA no muaj nyob hauv chloroplast stroma.cpDNA thiab plastome yog cov ntsiab lus rau chloroplast DNA. cpDNA yog ob-stranded ncig DNA.
Daim duab 02: Chloroplast DNA
Txawm tias cpDNA tshwm sim ua ib qho chromosome, nws muaj ntau yam luam tawm. Feem ntau, cp DNA muaj 120,000 txog 170,000 lub hauv paus khub uas muaj txog 200 noob. Hauv cov chloroplast, tag nrho cov CpDNA molecules tau ua ke thiab muaj nyob ua ib lub nplhaib loj.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Mitochondrial DNA thiab Chloroplast DNA?
- Mitochondrial DNA thiab chloroplast DNA yog ib leeg, ncig chromosomes.
- Ob hom DNA yog ob txoj hlua khi.
- Kuj, ob qho tib si muaj ntau daim ntawv luam.
- Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si tau muab faib rau cov menyuam ntxhais, tsis zoo li cov DNA DNA.
- Ntxiv mus, lawv yog organelle DNA; yog li ntawd, lawv tsis yog Nuclear DNA.
- Lawv tsis muaj histone proteins thiab tsis nyob nrog ib daim nyias nyias.
- Ntxiv ntxiv, ob qho tib si mtDNA thiab cpDNA tsis muaj introns.
- Lawv nplua nuj nyob hauv AT cheeb tsam.
- Dhau li ntawd, ob qho tib si mitochondrial thiab chloroplast DNA muaj cov noob uas tseem ceeb rau lawv txoj haujlwm.
- Hauv kev sib piv rau nuclear DNA, ob qho tib si mtDNA thiab cpDNA me me.
Qhov txawv ntawm Mitochondrial DNA thiab Chloroplast DNA yog dab tsi?
Mitochondrial DNA muaj nyob hauv mitochondria thaum chloroplast DNA muaj nyob hauv chloroplasts. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm mitochondrial DNA thiab chloroplast DNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, tib neeg mitochondrial DNA muaj 16, 569 lub hauv paus khub thaum chloroplast DNA muaj 120, 000 txog 170, 000 lub hauv paus khub. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm mitochondrial DNA thiab chloroplast DNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, mitochondrial genome muaj 37 genes thaum chloroplast genome muaj txog 200 genes.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm mitochondrial DNA thiab chloroplast DNA.
Summary – Mitochondrial DNA vs Chloroplast DNA
Ob leeg mitochondria thiab chloroplasts muaj lawv tus kheej DNA ua mitochondrial DNA thiab chloroplast DNA. Ntxiv mus, ob hom DNA yog ob-stranded ncig DNA uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv luam. Piv rau mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA yog qhov loj thiab muaj ntau cov noob. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm mitochondrial DNA thiab chloroplast DNA.
