Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA kab ke kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm epigenetic yog tias thaum lub sij hawm DNA sib lawv liag hloov, kev hloov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj DNA sequences thaum lub sij hawm hloov epigenetic, kev hloov tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj DNA sequences.
Lub genome sawv cev rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm ib lub cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem DNA meej lossis cov noob. Ib lub noob muaj ib txoj cai caj ces los tsim cov protein tshwj xeeb. Yog li, cov noob tau nthuav tawm los ntawm ob txheej txheem: kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhais lus. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj ntau yam, kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv DNA kab ke ntawm cov noob. Peb hu cov kev hloov pauv no hauv nucleotides sequences mutations. Qee lub sij hawm, txawm tias tsis tau hloov pauv qhov qub DNA sib lawv liag ntawm cov noob, cov noob qhia hloov pauv thiab tsim cov phenotypes sib txawv. Peb hu cov xwm txheej no hloov kho epigenetic.
DNA Sequence Mutations yog dab tsi?
Mutations yog cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv nucleotide sequences ntawm DNA. Thaum kev hloov pauv tshwm sim, nws hloov pauv qhov tseeb nucleotide kev txiav txim ntawm DNA ntu. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj ces hloov nyob rau hauv ib ntus. Ib qho kev hloov pauv nucleotide tuaj yeem tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev; Piv txwv li, kev mob caj ces. Txawm li cas los xij, qee lub sijhawm, nws tsis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj. Yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam exon ntawm cov noob, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj protein ntau tsis raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, germline mutations ua rau muaj kab mob caj ces thaum lawv dhau mus rau tiam tom ntej txij li thaum lawv tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb xws li phev thiab qe. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm lwm yam kev hloov pauv yog tsis muaj cuab yeej cuab tam.
Daim duab 01: DNA Sequence Mutations
DNA qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj muaj zog thiab cov carcinogens, UV teeb, yuam kev hauv DNA replication txheej txheem, raug hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim. Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem yog qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv lossis chromosomal hloov pauv. Ib qho kev hloov pauv nucleotide lossis kev hloov pauv tshwm sim vim muaj kev ntxig, tshem tawm, thiab hloov pauv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev hloov pauv uas ua rau cov qauv hloov pauv ntawm cov chromosomes tshwm sim vim muaj cov noob duplications, tshem tawm ntawm chromosomal seem, chromosomal rearrangements, thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi yog Epigenetic Modifications?
Epigenetics yog kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces yam tsis tau hloov pauv DNA thawj zaug. Yog li, phenotypes tau hloov pauv yam tsis hloov cov genotypes hauv epigenetics. Qhov no qhia meej tias muaj qee yam tseem ceeb uas tswj cov kab mob gene thiab phenotypes ntxiv rau lawv cov DNA sib lawv liag. Cov no yog cov kev hloov kho epigenetic. Cov kev hloov kho epigenetic no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev qhia cov noob thiab kev tswj hwm thiab lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm tes xws li kev sib txawv, kev loj hlob, thiab qog nqaij hlav.
Daim duab 02: Kev hloov pauv ntawm Epigenetic
Qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm epigenetic yog DNA methylation, hloov histone, thiab microRNA-mediated genetic silencing. Thaum lub sij hawm DNA methylation, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm methyl lossis hydroxymethyl pawg rau hauv paus ntawm DNA ib ntus tshwm sim. Histones yog cov proteins uas ua rau chromatin fibers. Kev hloov pauv ntawm histone ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm chromatin thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob qhia. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hloov kho epigenetic yog tias nws cuam tshuam cov noob qhia yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau DNA kab ke ntawm cov noob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov kho epigenetic yog thim rov qab.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm DNA Sequence Mutations thiab Epigenetic Modifications?
- DNA kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm epigenetic cuam tshuam nrog cov noob.
- Ob leeg muaj peev xwm hloov tau tus phenotype.
- Lawv ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob.
Qhov txawv ntawm DNA Sequence Mutations thiab Epigenetic Modifications yog dab tsi?
DNA sequence mutations yog cov kev hloov mus tas li uas tshwm sim hauv DNA sequences ntawm genome. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev hloov kho epigenetic yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ntawm chromatin uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov noob qhia. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA kab ke kev hloov pauv thiab hloov kho epigenetic. Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA kab ke kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tau txais qub txeeg qub teg thiab tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev hloov kho epigenetic yog cov kev hloov pauv qub. Qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA kab ke kev hloov pauv thiab hloov kho epigenetic.
Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA kab ke kev hloov pauv ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub ntawv caj ces thaum kev hloov kho epigenetic tsis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub ntawv caj ces. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, DNA kab ke kev hloov pauv hloov pauv qhov qub nucleotide sib lawv liag ntawm DNA thaum hloov kho epigenetic tsis hloov qhov qub DNA sib lawv liag ntawm cov noob. Qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA sequence mutations thiab epigenetic modifications. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm DNA kev hloov pauv raws li kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, hloov pauv hloov pauv, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj peb hom kev hloov kho epigenetic li DNA methylation, hloov histone, thiab microRNA-mediated genetic silencing.
Hauv qab infographic ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA kab ke kev hloov pauv thiab hloov kho epigenetic tabulates txhua qhov sib txawv.
Summary – DNA Sequence Mutations vs Epigenetic Modifications
DNA kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm epigenetic yog ob hom kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv cov noob. Hauv DNA kab ke kev hloov pauv, qhov tseeb nucleotide sib lawv liag hloov mus tas li thaum nyob rau hauv kev hloov kho epigenetic, thawj DNA sib lawv liag tsis hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv ntawm epigenetic ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov noob qhia, yog li tsim cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov phenotypes. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv ntawm epigenetic yog thim rov qab, tsis zoo li DNA kev hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov kev hloov kho epigenetic yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam, tsis zoo li DNA kev hloov pauv. Qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA kab ke kev hloov pauv thiab hloov kho epigenetic.
