Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab indels yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov taw tes yog hom kev hloov pauv hauv DNA ib ntu uas ib qho nucleotide hloov pauv vim hloov pauv, ntxiv, lossis tshem tawm, thaum indels yog qhov ntxig lossis tshem tawm ntawm ib qho. los yog ntau dua nucleotides hauv DNA ib ntus.
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv hauv DNA ib ntu ntawm cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov yuam kev hauv DNA rov ua dua thaum lub sijhawm faib cell. Kev hloov pauv tshwm sim vim muaj cov mutagens sib txawv uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv mus tas li hauv cov kab ke DNA. Kev hloov pauv yog ntau yam: kev hloov pauv somatic, hloov pauv hloov pauv, hloov pauv chromosomal, hloov pauv hloov pauv, thiab hloov pauv hloov pauv. Point mutations thiab indels yog ob hom kev hloov pauv noob. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nucleotide ib theem zuj zus ntawm ib noob.
Dab tsi yog Point Mutations?
Txoj kev hloov pauv yog cov kev hloov pauv caj ces uas ib zaug nucleotide hloov pauv los ntawm DNA ib ntu ntawm cov genome vim kev hloov pauv, ntxiv, lossis tshem tawm ntawm nucleotides. Cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau cov khoom lag luam protein. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm DNA rov ua dua. Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog hloov cov purine hauv paus nrog lwm cov purine lossis pyrimidine nrog lwm lub hauv paus pyrimidine. Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tshwm sim thaum purine hloov nrog pyrimidine lossis rov ua dua.
Daim duab 01: Point Mutations
Txoj kev hloov pauv yog peb hom: tsis muaj tseeb, tsis muaj tseeb, thiab kev hloov pauv ntsiag to. Kev hloov pauv tsis zoo tshwm sim thaum lub siab codon tig mus rau qhov nres codon vim qhov hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide. Qhov no ua rau cov nqaij ntshiv thaum lub sij hawm nthuav tawm cov protein. Missense kev hloov pauv tshwm sim thaum hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv codon ib ntus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov sib txuam amino acid hloov pauv, tsim cov protein hloov pauv thaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem qhia protein. Kev hloov pauv ntsiag to tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov protein; Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho kev hloov pauv nucleotide thiab codon tshiab qhia tib cov amino acid, muab cov protein tsis hloov pauv. Qhov no yog vim qhov degeneracy ntawm caj ces code, qhov twg muaj ntau codons coding rau tib amino acid. Li no, tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv phenotypic tshwm sim hauv lub cev txawm tias hloov genotype.
Indels yog dab tsi?
Indels yog hom kev hloov pauv noob uas qhov kev ntxig thiab tshem tawm tshwm sim hauv nucleotide ib ntu ntawm DNA. Ib leeg nucleotides lossis ntau nucleotides yog ntxiv lossis tshem tawm ntawm DNA ntu, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv ntu. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm ib qho indel yog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntawv nyeem qhib. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov protein hloov pauv tom qab kev sau thiab txhais lus.
Daim duab 02: Indels
Indels tshwm sim raws li kev nkag ntawm cov hauv paus thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub hauv paus. Thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm ntawm lub hauv paus, downstream bases tau hloov mus rau sab laug, thiab thaum lub sij hawm ntxig ntawm ib los yog ntau lub hauv paus, cov hauv paus hauv qab tau hloov mus rau sab xis. Feem ntau, DNA yog tam sim no nrog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj-nyeem cov txheej txheem kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm indels los ntawm kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev qhia txog nres codons. Indels ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev nyeem ntawv. Kev cuam tshuam yuav ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov amino acids tsis raug rau hauv cov protein thiab ua rau cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo. Indels yuav ua rau muaj kab mob xws li kab mob Tay-Sachs.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Point Mutations thiab Indels?
- Point mutations thiab indels yog ob hom kev hloov.
- Ntxiv mus, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm kev hloov pauv noob.
- Lawv hloov cov nucleotide sib lawv liag ntawm DNA.
- Txoj kev hloov pauv thiab indels tuaj yeem ua rau tsim cov proteins uas tsis ua haujlwm.
- Ob qho kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Point Mutations thiab Indels yog dab tsi?
Point mutation yog ib hom kev hloov pauv uas hloov ib qho ntawm nucleotides ntawm DNA ib ntus, thaum indel yog qhov ntxig thiab tshem tawm ntawm ib lossis ntau dua nucleotides los ntawm DNA ntu. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab indels. Thaum cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tsuas yog ib qho nucleotide, indels hloov ib lossis ntau tshaj ib nucleotide. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb yog qhov ntsiag to, tsis nco qab, thiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv, thaum lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm indels yog ntxig thiab tshem tawm.
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab indels hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Point Mutations vs Indels
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv hauv DNA kab ke ntawm lub cev. Kev hloov pauv tshwm sim vim muaj cov mutagens sib txawv uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv mus tas li hauv cov kab ke DNA. Point mutation yog ib hom kev hloov pauv uas ib qho ntawm cov nucleotides ntawm DNA hloov. Indel yog qhov ntxig thiab tshem tawm ntawm nucleotides los ntawm DNA ntu. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ntsiag to, tsis nco qab, lossis tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv thiab indels.
